f5 chap 7: adaptations of plants in different habitats Flashcards
what are classifications of plants based on habitats?
mesophytes, hydrophytes, halophytes,
and xerophytes
whats halophytes?
plants that can live in a habitat with high
concentration of salt and low oxygen content.
what kind of plant is mangrove tree?
halophytes
example of halophytes?
mangrove tree
whats hydrophytes?
to plants that can adapt to their wet habitat, whether by floating on the water surface or sinking in the water.
example of hydrophytes plant?
lotus
whats mesophytes?
plants that live in a habitat that is not too
dry nor too wet with an adequate supply of water.
example of mesophytes?
mango tree
are most plants halophytes, hydrophytes, mesophytes or xerophytes?
mesophytes
whats xerophytes
habitat :hot, dry w minimum presence of water, high temp (dessert)
example of xerophytes?
cactus
where can halophytes be found?
swampy habitats, the meeting point of fresh water and seawater.
where can hydrophytes be found
aquatic habitats, either on the water surface or submerged in the water.
whats the adaptation of halophytes plants in terms of leaves?
- Leaves with thick cuticle and sunken stomata can reduce
the rate of transpiration. - Succulent leaves can store water.
whats the adaptation of halophytes plants in terms of roots?
root system that branches widely provides support for plants to continue living in soft & muddy soils and also prevents plants plants from being uprooted due to strong wind
whats pneumatophores?
hundreds of breathing roots thatgrow vertically upwards above the surface of the soil
function of lenticels?
enable the exchange of gases with the atmosphere.
what kind of roots do hydrophytes have?
fibrous roots
why do hydrophytes plants have fibrous roots?
provide a large surface area and trap air bubbles
to enable the hydrophytes to be more stable and lighter
characteristics of leaves of floating plants and its function?
broad, thin, flat to help these plants absorb maximum sunlight for photosynthesis
why do plants that are submerged in water completely have thin and small leaves?
increase the total surface area per volume and to increase the
diffusion rate of water, mineral salts and dissolved
gases directly into the plants through the
epidermis.
why are the stems of a plant thats submerged in water completely small and hollow?
help these plants float upright in the water and help to
reduce water flow resistance.
whats the adaptative ability of xerophytes that help overcome problem of extreme dryness
roots of xerophytes grow widely and can penetrate deep into the
soil to absorb water and mineral salts. water absorbed is stored in roots, stems, leaves
what are the plants in arctic classified as?
xerophytes
how does the adaptive features of cactus plant?
cactus has small leaves and thick waxy cuticles on its stem and leaves. there are also leaves modified into thorns (reduces total surface area exposed to sun thus reducing water loss)
how do presence of thorns help cactus ?
i) get water supply by collecting dew
ii) prevent plant from getting eaten by animals
why is the stomata in cactus embedded?
reduce water evaporation from leaves
