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UNI: FUN- F. Pharmacology > F3. Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

F3. Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the central nervous system include?

A

brain and spinalcord

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2
Q

sensory nerves?

A

travel to the spinal cord from periphery (e.g. skin) - afferent fibres

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3
Q

motor nerves?

A

travel away from the spinal cord to the muscle: somatic efferent system. Voluntary control of skeletal muscle

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4
Q

autonomic nerves?

A

– unconscious physiological control of organ systems

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5
Q

drug targets of CNS?

A

Drugs for CNS disorders, pain relief

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6
Q

Drug targets for peripheral nervous sytem?

A

sensory nerves- pain relief, local anaesthetics
motor nerves- Muscle weakness (myasthenia gravis) Muscle paralysis during operations
autonomic system- Many common drugs
Cardiovascular, GI, respiratory, urinary tract, OTCs

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7
Q

Divisions of the autonomic system?

A

sympatheic nervous system (prepares for activity), parasympathatic nervous system (stimulates visceral processes). They usually work together, not opposing actions

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8
Q

the enteric nervous system?

A

Local neuronal network co-ordinating the GI tract, with input from PNS and SNS

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9
Q

Describe how the sympathetic and parasympathetic uses two neurone?

A

the first neurone makes connection ( a synapse) with the second, in a group of nerve cell bodies known as ganglion.
-preganglionic neuron fromCNS
-post ganglionic neuron innervates the target tissue (ONE NOTE)

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10
Q

how is adrenaline released?

A

subset of pre ganglionic SNS fibres synapse with the adrenal medulla- releases adrenaline into circulation (ONE NOTE)

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11
Q

what are the spinal cord division? (top to bottom)

A

medullary, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral (one note)

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12
Q

Describe somatic motor efferent neurone

A

single motor neurone innervating voluntary skeletal muscle

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13
Q

what kind of muscle does the somatic nervous system innervate?

A

skeletal muscle for deliberate motion

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14
Q

what kind of muscle does the autonomic nervous system innervate?

A

smooth and cardiac muscle for involuntary motion

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15
Q

Describe neurones in the somatic nervous system

A

-heavily myelinated
-singular
-acetylcholine
-triggers a stimulatory response

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16
Q

Describe neurones in the autonomic nervous system

A

-lightly or non-myelinated
-two neurone chain: preganglionic and postganglionic
-triggers a stimulatory or inhibitory response

17
Q

Describe the sympathetic nervous system anatomy

A

-fibres originate in the thoracic and lumbar region
-synapse in paired (two sets) paravertebral ganglia: bilateral connections to periphery (e.g blood vessels)
-synapse in unpaired (one set, midline) prevertebral ganglia
-synapse in adrenal medulla (preganglionic neurone straight to adrenal medulla)
-ganglia near spinal cord
ONE NOTE

18
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system trigger?

A

-dilates pupil (more light)
-inhibits salivation
-relaxes bronchi
-accelerates heart beat
-inhibits peristalsis and secretion
-stimulates glucose production and release
-secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline
-inhibits bladder contraction
-stimulates orgasm
-blood vessels constrict and relax to direct blood to working muscles (vascular shunt)

19
Q

Describe the length of neurones in the sympathetic nervous system

A

-short preganglionic neurones
-long postganglionic neurones

20
Q

Describe neurone lengths in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

-long preganglionic neurones
-short postganglionic neurones
parasympathetic ganglia are located in or close to target organs

21
Q

Describe the parasympathetic nervous system anatomy

A

-fibres originate in the medulla (brain) and sacral region
-parasympathetic ganglia are located in or close to target organs
-the vagus (10th cranial nerve, X) provides parasympathetic innervation of heart, lungs, pancreas and GI tract

22
Q

What responses does the parasympathetic system trigger?

A

-constricts pupils
-stimulates saliva flow
-constricts bronchi
-slows heartbeat
-stimulates peristalsis and secretion
-stimulates bile release
-contracts bladder

23
Q

what are the opposing actions between the PNS and SNS?

A

heart rate, airway tone, GI motility

24
Q

what are single system controls in the PNS and SNS?

A

liver (sympathetic), GI secretion (parasympathetic)

25
Q

what are coordinated effects between the PNS and SNS?

A

salivary secretion of fluid (parasympathetic) and enzymes (sympathetic)

26
Q

what neurotransmitters and hormone is involved in the ANS?

A

-neurotransmitter: acetylcholine and noradrenaline
-hormone: hormone
-these are all biogenic amine due to structure (one note)

27
Q

what are the two acetylcholine (ACh) receptors?

A

-nicotinic receptors, ligand gated ion channels, “fast for PNS and SNS” (2 subtypes)
-muscarinic receptors, Gprotein coupled receptors- “flexible” (5 subtypes)

28
Q

what does noradrenaline and adrenaline bind to?

A

adrenoreceptors which are G protein coupled receptors. There are 5 subtypes (a1, a2, B1, B2, B3

29
Q

how does acetylcholine work in parasympathetic neurones?

A

-In postganglionic parasympathetic neurones- ACh activates muscarinic receptors on targets ONE NOTE
-Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system

30
Q

Describe noradrenaline and adrenaline in the sympathetic nervous system

A

-NA and adrenaline are the main mediators
-most postganglionic sympathetic neurones transmit noradrenaline, activating adrenoreceptors
-tissue adrenoreceptors are activated by noradrenaline or circulating adrenaline
-sympathetic innervation of sweat glands uses acetylcholine/ muscarinic receptors

31
Q

what main receptor is involved in the heart?

A

B1- AR

32
Q

what main receptor is involved blood vessels?

A

a1- AR
B2- AR

33
Q

what main receptor is involved in the lungs?

A

B2- AR

34
Q

Describe salbutamol

A

selective for B2-adrenoreceptors in the lung over B1-adrenoreceptors in the heart

UNI: FUN- F. Pharmacology (6 decks)

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