F1. Intro to Pharmacology

Question 1

drug

Answer 1

A substance that alters chemical reactions in the body

Question 2

two properties of a drug to consider?

Answer 2

-exerts a selective physiological effect
-A compound with a defined chemical structure

Question 3

what do drugs usually target

Answer 3

proteins

Question 4

what are 4 major classes of protein targets?

Answer 4

-enzymes
-transporters
-ion channels
-receptors

Question 5

receptors

Answer 5

proteins which respond to a endogenous messenger by initiating a signal

Question 6

what are common characteristics with all recepetors?

Answer 6

-selective binding site for native hormone/ transmitter
-act as molecular switches (inactive and active states)
-signal is amplified (one note)

Question 7

what are the two types of receptor drugs?

Answer 7

agonists and antagonists

Question 8

agonists?

Answer 8

reproduce the effects of endogenous messenger

Question 9

antagonists?

Answer 9

blocks the effects of endogenous messenger

Question 10

what type of drug targets enzymes, transporters and ion channels?

Answer 10

on type of drug- inhibitors

Question 11

what does the effect of a drug depend on?

Answer 11

concentration of the drug at target site- two processes influence the therapeutic dose (supply and removal)

Question 12

pharmacokinetics?

Answer 12

how body controls drug concentration at site of action

Question 13

pharmacodynamics?

Answer 13

effect of drug on target

Question 14

Pharmacokinetics parameters are abbreviated as….

Answer 14

ADME[Tox]”

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Toxicity

Question 15

Describe drug selectivity

Answer 15

-it interacts with the binding site of the “correct” molecular target. (e.g asthma- one note)
-on-target versus off-target effects leading to why all drugs have benefits and risks

Question 16

on target effect?

Answer 16

means effect produced by intended interaction with the correct molecular target

Question 17

off target effect?

Answer 17

means effects produced by unintended interaction with a different molecular target

Question 18

adrenaline receptors?

Answer 18

adrenoreceptors (one note)

Question 19

what does the strength of an interaction between a drug and its protein target depend on?

Answer 19

depends on ability for drug molecule to bind to 3D protein binding site- affinity. The better the fit, the higher the affinity the drug has for its target- producing its effect at lower concentration.- important for drug selectivity.

Question 20

Describe salbutamol

Answer 20

higher affinity for adrenoceptors in the heart than in the lungs, lowering effect on the heart and allows for effect on the lungs to treat asthma. However at high doses, salbutamol will activate heart adrenoceptors and cause increased heart rate.