F214 3.1 - Photosynthesis

Question 1

Accessory pigment

Answer 1

Pigments, other than chlorophyll a, which absorb light energy and transfer the energy to chlorophyll a. Increase the range of wavelengths absorbed.

Question 2

Autotroph

Answer 2

An organism that uses simple inorganic molecules to produce complex organic molecules using light or chemical energy

Question 3

Calvin cycle

Answer 3

Sequence of reactions of the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis

Question 4

Chemiosmosis

Answer 4

The movement of protons (H+) across a membrane through ATP synthase which results in the generation of ATP

Question 5

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 5

Use chemical energy to produce complex organic molecules

Question 6

Chlorophyll

Answer 6

A photosynthetic pigment found in chloroplasts. There are two types a and b.

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

An organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs

Question 8

Coenzyme

Answer 8

Enzymes involved in oxidation and reduction reactions.

Question 9

Electron carrier

Answer 9

A protein that transfers electrons from one molecule to another

Question 10

Electron transport chain

Answer 10

A chain of proteins along which excited electrons flow.

Question 11

Final electron acceptor

Answer 11

A molecule which accepts an electron at the end of an electron transport chain

Question 12

Glycerate -3- phosphate (GP)

Answer 12

Intermediate compound produced during the Calvin cycle

Question 13

Light-dependent reaction

Answer 13

The first stage of photosynthesis. Light energy is absorbed by photosynthetic pigments and ATP and reduced NADP are produced

Question 14

Light-independent reaction

Answer 14

Second stage of photosynthesis. ATP and reduced NADP (from the light dependent reaction) are used to make carbohydrates form carbon dioxide

Question 15

Limiting factor

Answer 15

A variable that prevents a reaction, such as photosynthesis, from going any faster. If the factor is increased the process will go at a faster rate until another factor becomes limiting.

Question 16

NADP

Answer 16

A coenzyme involved in transferring H from water (released in photolysis) to the light independent reaction.

Question 17

Phosphorylation

Answer 17

The process of adding phosphate to a molecule

Question 18

Photoautotroph

Answer 18

Use light energy to produce complex organic molecules

Question 19

Photolysis

Answer 19

The splitting of a molecule (water) using light energy. It occurs in photosystem II in the light dependent stage

Question 20

Photophosphorylation

Answer 20

The process of adding phosphate to a molecule using light energy

Question 21

Photosynthetic pigment

Answer 21

A coloured substance that absorbs the light energy needed for photosynthesis

Question 22

Photosystem

Answer 22

A protein and photosynthetic pigment complex found in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts

Question 23

Primary pigment

Answer 23

Chlorophyll a. Found in the reaction centre of the photosystems and responsible for the emission of high energy electrons in the light-dependent reaction. Two versions – P700 in PSII and P680 in PSI.

Question 24

Reaction centre

Answer 24

A sit where electrons are excited during the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis

Question 25

Ribulose bisphosphate

Answer 25

RuBP. 5-carbon compound that is an acceptor molecule for carbon dioxide.

Question 26

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase

Answer 26

Rubisco. An enzyme which catalyses the formation of glycerate-3-phosphate from carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis

Question 27

Stroma

Answer 27

Fluid-filled matrix of chloroplasts. Site of light-independent reactions.

Question 28

Thylakoid

Answer 28

Inner membrane of chloroplast. Site of photosystems and ATP synthase.

Question 29

TP (triose phosphate)

Answer 29

3-carbon compound formed when a molecule of GP is reduced in the Calvin cycle of the light-independent reaction.