[F] Week 14: Diagnostic Cytology - Part 2 Flashcards
PRINCIPLE: To exclude malignancy
GASTROINTESTINAL SPECIMENS
What are the type of specimen used?
- Gastric lavage
- Gastric brush
- Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)
GASTROINTESTINAL SPECIMENS
CYTOLOGIC COLLECTION AND PREPARATION
* Smears are collected by ____ and aspiration technique or ____
* Examined ____ since delay of more than 30 minutes before fixation will digest cells.
* ____ is required for 8 hours prior to the collection
- simple irrigation and paracentesis
- ASAP
- Fasting
- Indicate a pathologic process which depend on the cause and can be either an exudate or transudate.
- Presence of malignant cells in serous effusions indicate ETASTATIC INVOLVEMENT.
PLEURAL, PERITONEAL & PERICARDIAL FLUIDS
PLEURAL, PERITONEAL & PERICARDIAL FLUIDS
is added for every 100 mL of fluid to prevent clotting
300 units heparin
Particularly if the fluid is exudate, heparin is added as they have more protein, which means there are more cellular elements and more tendency to clot.
Thoracentesis :: Paracentesis ::
- pleural fluid
- peritoneal fluid
BREAST SECRETIONS
- ____ yield for diagnosis of breast carcinoma
- Spontaneous nipple discharge may be due to ____
- Bloody nipple discharge may be due to ____
- Low diagnostic
- hormonal imbalance
- intraductal papilloma
- COLLECTION: Any discharge is abnormal except during & immediate post-lactation
○ Blood may also be present during lactation - PROCEDURE: Draw slide quickly across nipple; pull-apart technique, then fix in 95% isopropanol or use spray fixative.
BREAST SECRETIONS
PRINCIPLE: Diagnosis of malignancy
URINARY TRACT SPECIMENS
What are the preffered and type of speficimen for urinary tract
Preferred specimen:
- Voided urine for males
- Catheterized specimen for females
Type of Specimens:
- Voided urine: 2nd preferred; no preservative
- Catheterized specimen: female
- Washings from bladder or renal pelvis.
SMEARS OF URINARY SEDIMENT
- It is collected TWICE, whats the timing?
- At least ____; centrifuged; smears from sediment then fixed
- Very low diagnostic yield for detection of ____
- early morning & later in the day
- 50 ml
- urothelial carcinomas
SMEARS OF URINARY SEDIMENT
- Collection technique should always be mentioned in the form (TOF)
- Cytomorphologic features of low grade urothelial CA may be indistinguishable from?
- True
- reactive urothelial hyperplasia
review the pap staining procedure
lol its a lot u can do it
- A process of obtaining cells using a needle and can be aided or guided by ultrasonography or CT scan
- Performed especially for lesions or cysts that are very deep.
- Simple, safe, and rapid cytologic technique
- For palpable masses, 22–23-gauge needle is used for
aspiration.
Fine Needle Aspiration
What are the samples for fine needle aspiration
- Breast
- Thyroid
- Soft tissue
- Lymph nodes
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION
Non-palpable masses, on the other hand, needs the aid of diagnostic imaging such as
- fluoroscopy
- CT
- USG
FNA - SLIDE PREPARATION
- Maximum of ____ are prepared using pull apart technique
- Rinse needle in ____ such as Saccomano, and send to the lab.
- 4 slides
- preservative solution
FNA - Slide Fixation
What is used for fixation?
95% alcohol is used for 3 – 5 mins or **spray fixative **
FNA - Slide Fixation
Note that fairly cellular smear cannot be diagnostic if it is?
air dried
FNA - Slide Fixation
Alcohol-acetone or formalin can also be used for ?
Pap stain
FNA - Slide Fixation
Preferred fixative:
95% alcohol
Review the RAPID PAP FOR FNA AND IMPRINTS
its a table so
FNA
- Stain that is useful for diagnosis of lymphoma / leukemia
- Air-dried material stained to enhance cytoplasmic details
- Only used for CSF in some laboratories
WRIGHT-GIEMSA STAINING (W-G)
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
- For ____ in cell smears, imprints, and cytocentrifuge preparations
- Show sensitivity equal to, or greater than, that of cytologic sections (tissues) (TOF)
- ____ and ____ are more difficult to demonstrate in cytologic material
- cell surface antigens
- F (histologic not cytologic)
- Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic antigens
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
- Cell suspensions are seldom used (TOF)
- minecraft are processed just like histologic samples (TOF)
- True
- False (Cell blocks)
Unlike in H&E and PAP stains where a basophilic stain is used for the nucleus, and acidophilic/eosinophilic stain for the cytoplasm (differential stain)—brown pigments are only
seen in?
immunohistochemistry
