[P] Week 4: Neoplasia - Part 2 Flashcards
EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
In tumor cells, as they proliferate, there is selective
outgrowth of?
Antigen-negative variants
EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
cells that do not exhibit antigens that can be recognized by the cells of our immune system, which are the ones that proliferate
Antigen-negative variants
EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
There is loss or reduced expression of MHC molecules (MHC class I), it will escape what killing cell?
escape CYTOTOXIC T CELLS
they dont hace mhc c1 kasi kaya antigen will not be displayed and makaktakas from cytoxic t cell reaction
EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
The activation of immunoregulatory pathways can inhibit tumor immunity. This can be done by:
- Upregulated CTLA4 on T cells (binds to B7)
- Upregulated PDL1 and PDL2 (binds to PDR on T cells)
EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
To prevent a successful display of antigen of B7 wirth CD28 what molecule competes with the binding to inhibit immune response
CTLA4 inaagaw niya yung place of CD28 “the kabit”
EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
- Secretion of what Immunosuppressive factors
- Induction of what immunosuppressive regulatory cell
- TGFb
- Regulatory T cells
CANCER-ENABLING INFLAMMATION
Proposed cancer-enabling effects of inflammatory cells and resident stromal cells include the following:
Release of ____ ____ that promote proliferation
growth factors
CANCER-ENABLING INFLAMMATION
Proposed cancer-enabling effects of
inflammatory cells and resident stromal cells include the following:
Removal of ____ ____
Growth suppressors
CANCER-ENABLING INFLAMMATION
Proposed cancer-enabling effects of
inflammatory cells and resident stromal cells include the following:
Enhanced resistance to ____ ____
cell death
CANCER-ENABLING INFLAMMATION
Proposed cancer-enabling effects of
inflammatory cells and resident stromal cells include the following:
Inducing ____
Angiogenesis
CANCER-ENABLING INFLAMMATION
Proposed cancer-enabling effects of
inflammatory cells and resident stromal cells include the following:
Activatin ____ and ____
Invasion and Metastasis
CANCER-ENABLING INFLAMMATION
Proposed cancer-enabling effects of
inflammatory cells and resident stromal cells include the following:
Evading ____ destruction
IMMUNE DESTRUCTION
due to TGF beta and M2 Macrophages
Enumerate the Carcinogenic Agents
- Chemical Carcinogenesis
- Radation Carcinogenesis
- Microbial Carcinogenesis
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS
- do not require metabolic conversion to become carcinogenic.
- Most are weak carcinogens, but some are important because they are cancer chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., alkylating agents).
Direct-Acting Carcinogens
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS
- require metabolic conversion to become active carcinogens; the carcinogenic products are called ultimate carcinogens.
- Some of the most potent indirect chemical carcinogens—the polycyclic hydrocarbons—are present in fossil fuels.
Indirect-Acting Carcinogens
