F. Ethico-Moral Foundations of Client Education Flashcards
___ refers to the guiding principles of behavior
Ethics
___ refers to norms or standards of behavior accepted by the society to which a person belongs
Ethical
___ refer to an internal belief system (what one believes to be right)
Moral values
___ are a “specific type of moral conflict in which two or more ethical principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action
Ethical dilemmas
SIX MAJOR ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
autonomy
veracity
confidentiality
beneficence
nonmaleficence
justice
Right to self-determination, which is the freedom to choose and implement one’s decision, free from deceit, duress, constraint or coercion
autonomy
Capacity to have to say about one’s own well-being
autonomy
Nurse’s responsibility to ensure informed decision-making by patients
autonomy
With autonomy, Nurses may inform clients about advance directives like ___
living wills
durable power of attorney for healthcare designation of a healthcare agent
Four elements of informed consent that are vital aspects of patient education:
Competence
Disclosure of information
Comprehension
Voluntariness
refers to the capacity of the patient to make a reasonable decision
competence
requires that sufficient information regarding risks and alternative treatments including no treatment at all be provided to the patient to enable him or her to make a rational decision
disclosure of information
speaks to the individual’s ability to understand or to grasp intellectually the information being provided
comprehension
A child for example, may not yet be of age to understand any ramifications of medical treatment and must, therefore depend on his or her parents to make a decision that will be in the child’s best interest
example of comprehension
indicates that the patient can make a decision without coercion or force from others
voluntariness
Truth telling
veracity
Nurses must be truthful in order to ___ so that patients will likewise continue to trust nurses
communicate effectively with patients
Violating this principle shows lack of respect
veracity
Physician will tell the patient and his family his ___ and other options they make take if there be any
diagnosis
plan of care
treatment and possible risks involved
length of treatment
possible expenses
Patient has the responsibility to provide, to the best of his knowledge, accurate and complete information about his ___ and other matters relevant to his health
complaints
past illness
previous hospitalizations
medications being taken
allergies
religious restrictions,
Refers to personal information that is entrusted and protected as privileged information
confidentiality
Requires that one maintain the privacy of another person
confidentiality
Healthcare providers should not disclose any information without ___ from the patient
consent
Only under special circumstances may secrecy be ethically broken, such as ___
when a patient has been victim or subject of a crime to which the nurse or doctor is a witness
Other exceptions to confidentiality:
- Child or elder abuse
- Narcotic use
- Legally reportable communicable diseases
- Threat of violence toward someone
“doing good” for the benefit of others
beneficence
Three major components of beneficence
a. One must ought to do good
b. One must ought to promote good
c. One must ought to prevent evil or harm
“do no harm”
Nonmaleficence
Requires a person to avoid causing harm to patients
Nonmaleficence
Included in the principle of nonmaleficence are ___
deliberate harm
risk of harm
harm that occurs during the performance of beneficial acts
The right to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to persons
justice
We give each one his/her due. If an individual needs care, he/she has the right to be cared for because care is his/her due
justice
___ focuses on distribution of goods and healthcare services
Distributive justice
Acting in a fatherly manner
paternalism/parentalism
Healthcare professionals restrict others’ autonomy to protect the person from perceived or anticipated harm.
paternalism/parentalism
___ is appropriate when a patient is judged to be incompetent or to have diminished decision-making capacity
Parentalism
Six Steps Designed to Guide Ethical Decision Making
1.The identification of an ethical problem
2.The collection of information to identify the problem and develop solutions
3.The development of alternatives for analysis and comparison
4.The selection of best alternatives and justification
5.The development of diverse, practical ways to implement ethical decisions and actions
6.The evaluation of effects and development of strategies to prevent similar occurrence
Teacher possesses ___, which is key to the student’s academic success, career achievement, and competent care of patients
discipline-specific expertise
Criteria to distinguish between Interactions that are appropriate in the context of the educational process:
*Risk of harm to the student or to the student-teacher relationship
Presence of coercion or exploitationPotential benefit to the student or to the student-teacher relationship
*Balance of student’s interests and teacher’s interests
*Presence of professional ideals
*Students are responsible for speaking up when they experience problems with or obstacles to their learning
*Students have the right to expect honesty from their teachers but they also have a reciprocal duty to be truthful
*Students rely on their teachers to be role models and mentors
When to give patient education/health teaching?
- When patients are lying down in a bed
- Sharing personal information with the nurse
- In the context of medically related physical contact
Criteria to distinguish between Interactions that are appropriate in the context of the educational process
*Risk of harm to the patient or to the patient-nurse relationship
*Presence of coercion or exploitation
*Potential benefit to the patient or to the patient-nurse relationship
*Balance of patient’s interests and nurse’s interests
*Presence of professional ideals
Possible reasons why some nurses do not give a good patient education
*Transient relationship between nurses and patients
*Nurses are busy with other competing priorities
*Fatigue from too much work
*Lack of focus on the welfare, time, and interests of each patient
