C. Learning Styles of Different Age Groups Flashcards
is the art and science of helping children to learn
Pedagogy
Factors That Affect A Person’s Ability and Readiness to Learn
*Past experiences
*Physical and emotional health
*Personal motivation
*Stress
*Environmental conditions
*Available support systems
0 – 12 Months of age
INFANCY
1 – 3 years of age
TODDLERHOOD
during infancy and toddlerhood, Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial
maturation is ___
changeable
during infancy and toddlerhood, The main focus of instruction is geared towards ___
the parent
during infancy and toddlerhood, considered to be the primary learners rather than the very young child
the parent
Physical maturation is ___ during infancy to
toddlerhood
rapid
during infancy to toddlerhood, Patient education must focus on teaching the
parents for:
- need for stimulation
- good nutrition
- safety measures to prevent illness and injury
___ labeled the stage of infancy to toddlerhood as the ___, wherein children learn through their senses
Piaget
sensorimotor period
help them (infants-toddlers) understand their world and develop an awareness of themselves as well as how others respond to their actions
Motor activities
___ has the capacity for basic reasoning, the beginnings of memory, and begins to develop a simple understanding of what causes something to happen.
Toddler
Between ages 7 and 9 months, infants begin to realize that an object exists even if it can
no longer be seen – known as ___
object permanence
Children at this stage (infancy-toddler)
a.have short attention span
b. easily distracted
c. egocentric in their thinking
d. not easily swayed from their own ideas
Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
Infancy: trust versus mistrust
Toddler: Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
Toddler: Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
Must develop a sense of trust with their primary caregivers
Infancy: trust versus mistrust
-must learn to balance feelings of love and hate and learn to cooperate and control willful desire
-with peers, play is a parallel activity
Toddler: Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
likes routine because it gives them a
sense of security when carrying out
activities of daily living
separation anxiety is a characteristic of
this stage
Toddler: Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
(infant-toddler) Patient education usually centers on ___
wellness care
(infant-toddler) Time is spent with parents on teaching them the aspects of ___
normal development
safety
health promotion
disease prevention
(infant-toddler) When the child is ill, the first priority before teaching is to ___
assess the parent’s and child’s anxiety levels
(infant-toddler )Nurse should establish a relationship with the child and parents to provide ___ which will ___
consistency
help reduce the child’s fear of stranger
(infant-toddler) ___ should be present during
learning activities to ___
Parents
decrease stress caused by separation anxiety
(infant-toddler) Health teaching should take place in ___
an environment familiar to the child
(infant-toddler)During hospitalization, the environment should be safe and secure, such as the ___, to increase the child’s sense of feelings protected
child’s bed or the playroom
(infant-toddler) Nursing interventions should promote ___ and that stimulate their visual, auditory, and tactile senses
children’s use of their motor abilities
(infant-toddler) Approach should be ___
warm, honest, calm, accepting, and matter-of-fact
(infant-toddler) Read simple stories from books with lots of pictures or use simple audiotapes with music and videotapes with cartoon characters to help them ___
understand what is happening
(infant-toddler) Use ___ for children to act out their feelings
dolls and puppets
(infant-toddler) ___ to bring the child’s imagination closer to reality
Role play
(infant-toddler) Perform procedures on a teddy bear or doll first to help the child ___
understand what an experience will be like
(infant-toddler) Give the child something to do ___
squeeze your hand, hold a band-aid, cry if it hurts
(infant-toddler) Give the child something to do ___
squeeze your hand, hold a band-aid, cry if it hurts
(infant-toddler) Keep teaching sessions brief ( no longer than ___) because of ___
about 5 minutes each
the child’s short attention span
(infant-toddler) Cluster teaching sessions close together so that children can
___
remember what they learned
(infant-toddler) Explain things in ___
terms because children ___
simple, straightforward, and non-threatening
take their world literally and concretely
(infant-toddler) Pace teaching according to ___
the child’s responses and level of attention
(infant-toddler) ___ of information to hold the child’s attention
Focus on rituals, imitation, and repetition
(infant-toddler) Use ___ as an opportunity for children to learn through ___
reinforcement
practice
(infant-toddler) Use ___ as a means by which children
can learn about the world and test their ___
games
ideas
(infant-toddler) Encourage parents to ___ because they influence the child’s development of attitudes and behaviors
act as role models
3 – 6 years of Age
PRESCHOOLER
Children acquire new behaviors that allow them to care for themselves more
independently
Preschooler
Learning occurs through interactions with others and through mimicking or
modeling the behaviors of playmates and adults
Preschooler
(preschooler) Cognitive development is the ___
preoperational period
Continue to be egocentric and is essentially unaware of others’ thoughts
or the existence of others’ points of view
Preschooler
Can classify objects into groups and categories but have only a vague
understanding of their relationships
Preschooler
Thinking remains literal and concrete – they believe what is seen and heard
Preschooler
Curious and ask questions almost anything; they mix fact and fiction; think magically,
develop imaginary playmates
Preschooler
Limited sense of time so being made to wait for 15 minutes before they can do
something can feel like an eternity for them
Preschooler
Attention span begins to lengthen such that they can usually remain quiet long
enough to listen to a song or hear a short story read
Preschooler
An understanding of their bodies and can name external body parts but do
not know the function of internal organs
Preschooler
See illness as a punishment for something they did wrong
Preschooler
Health allows them to play with friends while illness prevents them from doing so
Preschooler
- take on tasks for the sake of being involved and on the move
- Growing imagination can lead them to many fears – of separation,
disapproval, pain, punishment, and aggression from others
Erikson: Initiative versus guilt
Begin interacting with playmates rather than just playing alongside one another
Preschooler
Through play, the ___ also begins to share ideas
preschoolers
Imitate parents of the same sex
preschoolers
Role playing is typical of this stage
preschoolers
(preschooler) Nurse’s interactions with preschool children and their parents are ___
sporadic
(preschooler) Occurring during occasional well-child visits to the pediatrician’s
office or
when minor medical problems arise
(preschooler) ___ should be included in all aspects of the teaching plan since
they can provide insights into the child’s ___
Parents
disabilities, likes and dislikes
(preschoolers) Nurses should reassure and allow preschoolers to express their fears of
___
pain and bodily harm, fantasies and active imaginations
(preschoolers) Choose words carefully when ___
describing procedures
(prescooler) Using terms like “cut” or “knife” is frightening so instead use words like
___ are much understandable terms
“fix,” “sew,” or “cover up the hole”
(preschooler) Provide ___ because language ability is still
limited
physical and visual stimuli
(preschooler) Keep teaching sessions short (no more than ___) and
scheduled at close intervals so that information is not forgotten
15 minutes
(preschooler) Relate information needs to ____
activities and experiences familiar to the child
(preschooler) Encourage the child to participate by choosing the instructional methods and tools, such as ___
playing with dolls or reading a story
(preschool) Arrange ___ to make teaching less threatening and more fun
small group sessions with peers
(preschool) Give praise and approval through ___ which are real motivators for learning
verbal expressions and non-verbal gestures,
(prescool) Give tangible rewards, such as ___, to reinforce learned skills
badges or small toys
(preschool) Allow the child to ___ to learn about body parts
manipulate equipment and play with replicas or dolls
(preschool) Special kidney dolls, ostomy dolls with stomas, or orthopedic dolls
with splints and tractions provide opportunity for ___
hands-on experience
(preschool) Use storybooks to help the child ___
identify with particular people and situation
(preschool) Have the parents help by being role models of healthy habits, such as
___
practicing safety measures and eating a balanced diet
(preschool) Reinforce ___ and new skills learned
positive health behaviors
