F&E Flashcards
1
Q
FVD
A
poor skin turgor rapid weak, tready pulse hypotension indifference extreme restlessness
2
Q
FVE
A
pitting edema JVD bounding pulse HTN SoB Moist crackles confusion/irritability
3
Q
Hyponatremia
A
cold, clammy skin rapid, weak, thready pulse hypotension indifference confusion/irritability decreased LOC SIADH, HF, diarrhea, vomiting, NG suction, diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, burns, wound drainage Tx: fluid restriction if seizures, 3%NS
4
Q
hypernatremia
A
flushed, dry skin extreme restlessness sticky mucus membranes tachycardia HTN hypertonic IV, excessive isotonic IV Tx: isotonic or hypotonic IV, 5%dextrose or .45%NS
5
Q
hyperkalemia
A
weak, irregular, slow pulse
extreme restlessness
Tx: eliminate K+ with diuretics, dialysis, sodium polystyrene sulfonate (oral or rectal), IV regular insulin w/ glucose (IV) or sodium bicarb (IV), calcium gluconate
6
Q
hypokalemia
A
weak, irregular, rapid pulse flabby muscles] picking at bedclothes confusion/irritability Tx: IV KCl (watch line for 1hr)
7
Q
SIADH
A
body retains water
hyponatremia
meds: -vaptan
8
Q
drugs that cause hyperkalemia
A
digoxin, Beta blockers (-olol), K+ sparing diuretics (amiloride), ronolactone, ACE inhibitors (-pril)
9
Q
hypocalcemia
A
tetany, seizures numbness, tingling hyperreflexia, cramps laryngeal spasm chvostek's sign trousseau's sign respiratory alkalosis (breathe into paper bag) calcium gluconate
10
Q
hypercalcemia >10.2
A
depressed reflexes decreased memory personality changes, psychosis N/V/A bone pain, fractures polyuria Caused by hyperthyroidism loop diuretics, hydrate with isotonic, biophosphonates
11
Q
hyperphosphatemia >4.4
A
hypocalcemia numbness, tingling hyperreflexia, cramps Ca/Ph precipitates in skin, soft tissue, cornea limit dairy calcium gluconate insulin/glucose IV
12
Q
hypophosphatemia
A
CNS depression muscle weakness (can't get off ventilator) seizures, polyneuropathy osteomalacia rhabdomyolysis decreased stroke volume oral supps, dairy products if symptomatic, sodium or potassium phosphate IV
13
Q
hypermagnesemia >2.5
A
diminished DTRs flushed, warm skin low pulse, low BP weakness dysphagia Tx; IV calcium chloride (ER) if CKD avoid green vegs, nuts, banana, orange, PB, choc
14
Q
hypomagnesemia
A
confusion tremors, seizures hyperactive DTRs up pulse, up BP muscle cramps Tx: Mg supps, IV Mag sulfate
