Eyes Ears and Nose Conditions Flashcards
Counseling point on time to effect for patients utilizing intranasal steroids?
Can take up to a week to get full relief
What is the adult dosing of 1st gen Benadryl?
25 mg PO Q4-6 H or 50 mg PO Q 6- 8H
What is the benadryl age cutoff for utilizing OTC?
Less than 6 years of age
What patient should use benadryl with caution?
CVD, Glaucoma, Prostate Enlargement
Most sedating 2nd generation antihistamines:
certirizine and levocertirzine
fastest onset as well
Least sedating second generation antihistamines:
fexofenadine and Loratadine
what is the age cut off for Pseudophedrine and phenylephrine?
< 2 years FDA
< 4 packages
If a patient utilizes afrin for more than 3 days what could happen?
Rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa)
Expectorants are used when:
a productive cough is present. Helps thin mucus.
What is a well known expectorant that is used?
Guaifensin
When do you use cough suppressants?
when there is a non productive cough present
Names of cough suppressants
dextromethorphan, codeine, benzonatate, benadryl
1 drop is = to
0.05 mL
prostaglandin analogs MOA:
increase aqueous humor outflow
Lumigan
Bimatoprost
Latisse
Bimatoprost that is utilize only for eye lash growth
Which prostaglandins require refridgeration before use?
- prost
latanoprost, latanoprostene (Vyzulta) , tafluprost (zioptan)
BB MOA in glaucoma
reduce aqueous humor production
Timolol + Dorzolamide brand name
Cosopt
When using BB eye gel how do you prepare it?
shake once, wait ten min after administering other eye drops before using gel
Which BB drop is selective?
Betazolol (Betoptic S)
less likely to cause pulmonary ADR in patients with pulm disposition
Cholinergics (Miotics) MOA in glaucoma
increase aqueous humor outflow
Carbachol (Miostat) and Pilocarpine (isopto carpine) have what SE?
Cholinergics cause vasoconstriction leading to poor vision at night
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor MOA (glaucoma)
reduce aqueous humor production
Dorzolamide
trupost
Dorzolamide and other - zamide ending Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have what warning?
caution in sulfonamide allergies
Acetazolamide an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is rarely used in glaucoma but rather in ____
the treatment and prevention of acute mountain sickness
What is a good way to remember that CA inhibitors have a sulfonamide concern?
-zolamide= -sulfonAMIDE
Adrenergic alpha 2 agonist MOA in glaucoma:
-nidine
increase aqueous humor outflow, reduce aqueous humor production
What are the treatment options for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Pink eye
Moxifloxacin (vigamox)
Maxitrol (neomycin/polymyxin B/dexamethasone)
Polytrim (trimethoprim/polymyxin B)
ofloxacin ( ocuflox)
What is commonly used for chronic dry eye
cyclosporine (restasis)
What are two common drugs that cause retinal changes/retinopathy:
chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
What drugs give you BROWN skin colorations
entacapone
levodopa
methyldopa
What drugs give you Brown/Black/Green skin colorations/ secretions
iron - black stool
methocarbamol
What drugs give you BROWN/Yellow skin colorations / secretions
Nitrofurantoin
What drugs give you Yellow/Green secretions/skin
propofol
How long does it generally take for retinoid to work in acne?
4 to 12 weeks and may worsen acne initially
What is winlevi?
Clacoterone is a topical androgen receptor inhibitor.
Azelex / Finacea
Azelaic acid is a topical dicarboxylic acid cream or gel used for acne or rosacea
What are the two most common topical retinoids?
Differin and tretinoin (atralin, renova, retin - A)
Docosanol (abreva) application:
apply 5 times a day at the first sign of outbreak
Tinea Pedis
Athletes foot
Tinea Cruris
Jock itch
Tinea Corporis
ringworm
OTC fungal: Lamisil AT
Terbinafine
OTC fungal: Lotrimin Ultran
Clotrimzaole
OTC fungal: Lotrimin AF
miconazole
OTC fungal: Tinactin
Tolnaftate
OTC fungal: Toelieva
Undecylenic acid
RX antifungal: Lotrisone
Betamethasone/Clotrimazole
RX antifungal: Extina
Ketoconazole
Treatment for onychomycosis:
Itraconazole and Terbinafine
itraconazole BBW:
can exacerbate HF
OTC to treat fungal vaginal infection: Gyne-Lotrimin
Clotrimazole
OTC to treat fungal vaginal infection: Monistat - 3
Miconazole
How do you identify pinworm?
anal itching in children that requires a “TAPE test”
identify eggs via sticking a piece of tape around the anus in the morning. It can take up to three attempts to identify
RX treatment for Pinworm:
Albenza (albendazole)
Bebendazole (Emverm ) - hepatoxic
What can also be given with with pinworm rx treatment?
due to the toxicity of treatment if treating a CNS infection steroids and AEDs should be utilized
Ovide - Malathion in lice:
can irritate the skin and is flammable.
Ivermectin oral is used to treat ___
Scabies while the topical is an OTC used for lice treatment
Stromectol
oral ivermectin
2 very high potency steroids:
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05%(clobex, temovate, olux)
Fluocinoninde 0.1% cream (Vanos)
3 high potency steroids:
Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% cream
Fluocinonide 0.05% ointment
Mometasone Furoate 0.1% ointment
High - Medium Potency steroid:
Fluocinonide 0.05% cream (Lidex-E)
2 medium potency steroids:
Mometasone furoate 0.1% cream
Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% cream (kenalog)
Lowest potency steroid:
Hydrocortisone 1%
