Eyes Flashcards
What are findings of allergic conjunctivitis?
Erythematous or cobblestone appear in the conjunctiva
What findings indicate a subconjunctival hemorrhage and how can it occur?
Blood on a defined area of the eye surrounded by healthy appearing conjunctiva. This blood stays red because of oxygen diffused through the eye.
Occurs with violent coughing, sneezing, straining, or vomiting. Can occur in pregnancy or labor. Other causes are trauma or foreign objects.
Hemorrhages resolve spontaneously.
What are findings of corneal arcus senilis?
A corneal arcus is composed of lipids that are deposited in the periphery of the cornea and is seen as a blue tinged color surrounding the eye.
If this is present before the age of 40, this can indicate that the patient has a lipid disorder so a lipid panel must be taken for further exploration.
What is aniscoria?
Unequal size of the pupils
Why is it important to assess the lacrimal apparatus?
If the upper eyelids feel full, evert the lid and inspect the gland. The lacrimal glands may become enlarged due to lymphoid infiltration, tumors, sarcoid disease, or Sjogren syndrome.
The patient may have dry or gritty eyes because the glands are producing inadequate tears.
What cranial nerve and function is assessed when using the Rosenbaum chart?
CN I- Optic (Sensory)
What are we assessing when performing the corneal light reflex test?
Assesses for strabismus (misalignment) of the eye in a patient. The light should be reflected symmetrically from both eyes.
Strabismus: Both eyes do not focus on an object simultaneously but can focus with either eye.
What is the red reflex?
A red reflex is caused by illumining the retina. Any opacities will stand out as black densities. Absence of the red reflex indicated total opacity of the pupil by a cataract or by hemorrhage.
What is noticeable on fundus examination?
The fundus shows the branching of blood vessels which always branch away from the optic disc.
What are characteristics of an eye examination in the HTN patient?
Myelinated nerve fibers
Papilledema
Comatose cupping
Drusen bodies
Cotton wool bodies
Hemorrhages
What is pseudo strabismus?
False appearance of strabismus caused by a flat nasal bridge or epicanthal folds and this generally disappears at 1 year of age.
Why is assessment of the red reflex in newborns important?
Any impairment of the red reflex in newborns can indicate retinoblastoma or congenital cataracts.
What is a corneal ulcer?
Open sore in outer layer of cornea
What physiologic change occurs to the eye in old age?
Presbyopia which is a decrease in the ability to accommodate (focus) on near objects due to the lens becoming more rigid which decreases the eye’s flexibility.
What is xanthelasma?
Elevated plaque buildup of cholesterol in the eye that look like lesions on the eye.
