EYES

Question 1

Distance or far vision

Answer 1

distance of 6 ft, normally 20/20

Question 2

near vision

Answer 2

distance 14 inches 20/20

Question 3

eyebrows and orbital area

Answer 3

eyebrows: size, hair texture, and extension to temporal canthus. orbital area: edema, redundant tissues, lesions

Question 4

eyelids

Answer 4

fasciculation, eyelash position, ability to open & close, ptosis, flakiness, redness, swelling, inversion/eversion, stye

Question 5

palpate the eyes (closed)

Answer 5

degree of firmness, nodules or pain

Question 6

inspect lower conjunctivae and sclera

Answer 6

conjunctiva: color, condition, exudates, foreign bodes. sclera: color, pterygium

Question 7

inspect and palpate the lacrimal apparatus

Answer 7

puncta: slight elevations with a central depression. lacrimal gland: swelling, erythema

Question 8

examine the cornea and lens

Answer 8

corneal: clarity, arcus. lens: transparency or opacities.

Question 9

examine the irides and pupils

Answer 9

irides: color, pupils (PERRLA), size, shape, response to light and accomodation

Question 10

examine extraocular muscles

Answer 10

H in space test: nystagmus check lag lid: sclera seen above iris, check convergence 5-8 cm of nose, corneal light reflex: symmetry of reflex

Question 11

red reflex

Answer 11

opacities

Question 12

retina

Answer 12

color, lesions, hemorrhages, exudates, cotton wools spots

Question 13

blood vessel characteristics in all fields

Answer 13

venous pulsations, A/V crossings, A/V ration 3:5-2:3 is normal), nicking, banking, tapering, copper or silver wire

Question 14

disc characteristics

Answer 14

size, color, margins, cupping, disc to cup ratio (2:1 is normal)

Question 15

Macula characteristics

Answer 15

drusen bodies

Question 16

visual fields

Answer 16

+ visual field deficies (temporally 90), superiorly 50, inferiorly 70, nasally 50.

Question 17

nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Answer 17

+ fluid regurgitation from puncta

Question 18

inspect the upper conjunctivae

Answer 18

+ presence of foreign body

Question 19

hippus test

Answer 19

+ pupil does not stay constricted for 20 sec

Question 20

cover/uncover test

Answer 20

+ covered eye shifts to reestablish fusion upon uncovering = latent strabismus/phoria

Question 21

cover test

Answer 21

+ uncovered eye shifts to refixate = manifest strabismus/tropia, + uncovered eye is unable to fixate = paralytic strabismus

Question 22

inspect the upper conjunctivae

Answer 22

+ presence of foreign body

Question 23

inspect the cornea and lens

Answer 23

+ collected dye in present lesions