Eyelid + Eyebrow

Question 1

The position of the eyebrow is dependent on the relationship between

Answer 1

The elevator and depressor muscles (tone & innervation of muscle)

Question 2

Associated glands in anterior lamella

Answer 2

Zeis and moll

Question 3

Associated glands in posterior lamella

Answer 3

Meibomian

Question 4

Meibomian glands of the posterior lamella maybe develop an abnormality of keratonization

Answer 4

Can result in inflammation leading to hordeolum or chalazion

Question 5

Glands of zeis are

Answer 5

Sebaceous

Question 6

Glands of moll

Answer 6

Sweat glands

Question 7

Accessory row of eyelashes either partially or complete, emerges adjacent to or from opening of meibomian glands

Answer 7

Distichiasis

Can rub sclera

Question 8

Acquired distichiasis usually occurs from

Answer 8

Chronic inflammation

Question 9

Distichiasis is a _____ disease and many times the palpebral conjunctiva may be reflected and adhere to the bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 9

Mucocatenous

Look at mouth to see if it is systemic

Question 10

Diseases that may lead to distichiasis are

Answer 10

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (fibrotic and becomes a scar)

Steven-Johnson syndrome

Question 11

Normal eyelashes develop and have abnormal orientation, they grow in instead of out

Answer 11

Trichiasis

Question 12

Principal functions of the eyelids

Answer 12

Protect (cilia and sensitive and have blink reflex )
Lubricate (gland)
Maintain integrity and clarity( smooth tears and cornea prevent opacities)

Question 13

Entropion can be caused by

Answer 13

Alteration of muscle tone caused by pathology or innervation issue

Question 14

Irritation in ectropion is caused by

Answer 14

Exposed area allows for evaporation and dehydration causing irritation

Question 15

Spastic entropion

Answer 15

Overactive septal potion of o.o. Causes override of tarsal portion
(Neuro, inflam, irritation)

Question 16

A tonic ectropion lower lid is due to

Answer 16

Loss of o.o. Tonus (nerve/palsy/muscle tone)

Question 17

Paralytic ectropion

Answer 17

Flaccid paresis VII nerve (neuropathology or innervation issue)

Question 18

Loss of eyebrows eyelids

Answer 18

Madarosis

Question 19

Madarosis can occur in

Answer 19

Dermatological disorders and complex systemic diseases (mucatenous disorder)

Question 20

Contraction of ____ helps in lacrimal pump mechanism

Answer 20

Pretarsal orbicularis muscle

Question 21

Opening of eyelid

Muscle and innervation

Answer 21

LPS - CNIII
Sympathetic smooth muscle (muller)
Inferior + superior

Question 22

Closing of eyelid

Muscle and nerve

Answer 22

Orbicularis oculi

CNVII

Question 23

Sometimes the levator aponeurosis disinserts from its tarsal insertion with age resulting in

Answer 23

Ptosis (eyelid creases appears higher)

Question 24

Muller muscle is____ and innervated by ____.

Answer 24

Minor retractor of the upper eyelid (opening)

Innervated by the sympathetic nervous system

Question 25

In horners ____ pathway is affected

Answer 25

Sympathetic

Question 26

Horners triad

Answer 26

Ptosis Miosis Anhidrosis (Heterochromia in congenital only)

Question 27

Ptosis in horners syndrome is caused by

Answer 27

Denervation of muller muscle

Question 28

What is reverse ptosis

Answer 28

Lower lid elevation

Question 29

Other names for horners

Answer 29

Claude Bernard/ oculosympathetic palsy

Question 30

Quantify strength of levator by measuring displacement of the upper eyelid from down- upgaze

Answer 30

Normal 14-17mm | <4mm is poor

Question 31

Sherrington law

Answer 31

Reciprocal innervation

Question 32

Hearings law

Answer 32

Synergistic muscles receive simultaneous innervation (LPS)

Question 33

Eyelid closing muscle and innervation

Answer 33

O.o. Innervated by VII

Question 34

Eyelid closing also contributes to

Answer 34

Lacrimal pump mechanism Blink reflex Unforced/ forced eyelid closure

Question 35

What part of the orbicularis is responsible for the blink reflex and unforced eyelid closure

Answer 35

Pretarsal and preseptal

Question 36

Forced closure

Answer 36

Orbital part of o.o.

Question 37

Part of o.o. in charge of lacrimal pump

Answer 37

Deep and superficial heads of the pretarsal o.o.

Question 38

Benign essential blepharospasm

Answer 38

Orbital o.o.

Question 39

Voluntary blink uses what part of o.o.

Answer 39

Palpebral and orbital

Question 40

Rapid movement of muscle tissue requires

Answer 40

Low Chronaxie

Question 41

Measure of electrophysiological irritability

Answer 41

Chronaxie ( how much time to excite muscle)

Question 42

Chronaxie of palpebral o.o. =

Answer 42

1/2 Chronaxie orbital o.o.

Question 43

Resting lid position depend on resting tonus of

Answer 43

LPS ands mueller muscle

Question 44

Resting lid position can vary w state of arousdal

Answer 44

Serum level of catecholamines/ sympathetics

Question 45

Bells phenomenon

Answer 45

Upward & outward rotation of globe with forced closure, sleep disappears in brainstem lesion above the pons

Question 46

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 46

Ptosis

Question 47

Graves

Answer 47

Exophthalmos/ proptosis

Question 48

Blepharoptosis is drooping of upper eyelid due to

Answer 48

Paralysis of CNIII or sympathetic nerve | Or excessive weight of eyelids

Question 49

Simple congenital ptosis

Answer 49

Dystrophy of the levator muscle

Question 50

Aponeurotic congenital ptosis

Answer 50

Failure of aponeurosis to insert on tarsus

Question 51

Congenital Synkinetic ptosis innervation and syndrome associated to it

Answer 51

Innervation of LPS by V3 | Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome

Question 52

Acquired aponeurotic ptosis

Answer 52

Abnormality on levator aponeurosis | CL wear, after ocular surgery, after trauma

Question 53

Acquired neurogenic ptosis can be caused by

Answer 53

Horners or CNIII palsy

Question 54

Acquired ptosis in dermatochalasis

Answer 54

Myopathy, neuromuscular, traumatic, brow ptosis

Question 55

A bilateral, involuntary intermittent or persistent spasm of closure of eyelid w arrive contraction of muscles

Answer 55

Blepharospasm | O.o., procerus, corrugator