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Ocular Physiology > Eyelid + Eyebrow > Flashcards

Eyelid + Eyebrow Flashcards

1
Q

The position of the eyebrow is dependent on the relationship between

A

The elevator and depressor muscles (tone & innervation of muscle)

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2
Q

Associated glands in anterior lamella

A

Zeis and moll

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3
Q

Associated glands in posterior lamella

A

Meibomian

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4
Q

Meibomian glands of the posterior lamella maybe develop an abnormality of keratonization

A

Can result in inflammation leading to hordeolum or chalazion

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5
Q

Glands of zeis are

A

Sebaceous

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6
Q

Glands of moll

A

Sweat glands

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7
Q

Accessory row of eyelashes either partially or complete, emerges adjacent to or from opening of meibomian glands

A

Distichiasis

Can rub sclera

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8
Q

Acquired distichiasis usually occurs from

A

Chronic inflammation

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9
Q

Distichiasis is a _____ disease and many times the palpebral conjunctiva may be reflected and adhere to the bulbar conjunctiva

A

Mucocatenous

Look at mouth to see if it is systemic

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10
Q

Diseases that may lead to distichiasis are

A

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (fibrotic and becomes a scar)

Steven-Johnson syndrome

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11
Q

Normal eyelashes develop and have abnormal orientation, they grow in instead of out

A

Trichiasis

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12
Q

Principal functions of the eyelids

A

Protect (cilia and sensitive and have blink reflex )
Lubricate (gland)
Maintain integrity and clarity( smooth tears and cornea prevent opacities)

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13
Q

Entropion can be caused by

A

Alteration of muscle tone caused by pathology or innervation issue

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14
Q

Irritation in ectropion is caused by

A

Exposed area allows for evaporation and dehydration causing irritation

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15
Q

Spastic entropion

A

Overactive septal potion of o.o. Causes override of tarsal portion
(Neuro, inflam, irritation)

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16
Q

A tonic ectropion lower lid is due to

A

Loss of o.o. Tonus (nerve/palsy/muscle tone)

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17
Q

Paralytic ectropion

A

Flaccid paresis VII nerve (neuropathology or innervation issue)

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18
Q

Loss of eyebrows eyelids

A

Madarosis

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19
Q

Madarosis can occur in

A

Dermatological disorders and complex systemic diseases (mucatenous disorder)

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20
Q

Contraction of ____ helps in lacrimal pump mechanism

A

Pretarsal orbicularis muscle

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21
Q

Opening of eyelid

Muscle and innervation

A

LPS - CNIII
Sympathetic smooth muscle (muller)
Inferior + superior

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22
Q

Closing of eyelid

Muscle and nerve

A

Orbicularis oculi

CNVII

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23
Q

Sometimes the levator aponeurosis disinserts from its tarsal insertion with age resulting in

A

Ptosis (eyelid creases appears higher)

24
Q

Muller muscle is____ and innervated by ____.

A

Minor retractor of the upper eyelid (opening)

Innervated by the sympathetic nervous system

25
Q

In horners ____ pathway is affected

A

Sympathetic

26
Q

Horners triad

A

Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis
(Heterochromia in congenital only)

27
Q

Ptosis in horners syndrome is caused by

A

Denervation of muller muscle

28
Q

What is reverse ptosis

A

Lower lid elevation

29
Q

Other names for horners

A

Claude Bernard/ oculosympathetic palsy

30
Q

Quantify strength of levator by measuring displacement of the upper eyelid from down- upgaze

A

Normal 14-17mm

<4mm is poor

31
Q

Sherrington law

A

Reciprocal innervation

32
Q

Hearings law

A

Synergistic muscles receive simultaneous innervation (LPS)

33
Q

Eyelid closing muscle and innervation

A

O.o. Innervated by VII

34
Q

Eyelid closing also contributes to

A

Lacrimal pump mechanism
Blink reflex
Unforced/ forced eyelid closure

35
Q

What part of the orbicularis is responsible for the blink reflex and unforced eyelid closure

A

Pretarsal and preseptal

36
Q

Forced closure

A

Orbital part of o.o.

37
Q

Part of o.o. in charge of lacrimal pump

A

Deep and superficial heads of the pretarsal o.o.

38
Q

Benign essential blepharospasm

A

Orbital o.o.

39
Q

Voluntary blink uses what part of o.o.

A

Palpebral and orbital

40
Q

Rapid movement of muscle tissue requires

A

Low Chronaxie

41
Q

Measure of electrophysiological irritability

A

Chronaxie ( how much time to excite muscle)

42
Q

Chronaxie of palpebral o.o. =

A

1/2 Chronaxie orbital o.o.

43
Q

Resting lid position depend on resting tonus of

A

LPS ands mueller muscle

44
Q

Resting lid position can vary w state of arousdal

A

Serum level of catecholamines/ sympathetics

45
Q

Bells phenomenon

A

Upward & outward rotation of globe with forced closure, sleep disappears in brainstem lesion above the pons

46
Q

Myasthenia gravis

47
Q

Graves

A

Exophthalmos/ proptosis

48
Q

Blepharoptosis is drooping of upper eyelid due to

A

Paralysis of CNIII or sympathetic nerve

Or excessive weight of eyelids

49
Q

Simple congenital ptosis

A

Dystrophy of the levator muscle

50
Q

Aponeurotic congenital ptosis

A

Failure of aponeurosis to insert on tarsus

51
Q

Congenital Synkinetic ptosis innervation and syndrome associated to it

A

Innervation of LPS by V3

Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome

52
Q

Acquired aponeurotic ptosis

A

Abnormality on levator aponeurosis

CL wear, after ocular surgery, after trauma

53
Q

Acquired neurogenic ptosis can be caused by

A

Horners or CNIII palsy

54
Q

Acquired ptosis in dermatochalasis

A

Myopathy, neuromuscular, traumatic, brow ptosis

55
Q

A bilateral, involuntary intermittent or persistent spasm of closure of eyelid w arrive contraction of muscles

A

Blepharospasm

O.o., procerus, corrugator

Ocular Physiology (7 decks)

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