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TOSCE > Eyelid Disorders > Flashcards

Eyelid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

red flags

A 
blunt trauma 
foreign particles 
ocular abrasion 
chemical 
thermal 
blurred vision 
pain 
sensitive to light 
redness around cornea 
abonormal pupil 
more than 48 hours 
contact lens wearers with conjuntivitis
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2
Q

treatment goals for infection

A

cure
prevent transmission
prevent recurrence

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3
Q

treatment goals for dry eye

A

manage symptoms
prevent complication
identify exacerbating factors

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4
Q

symptoms of a stye

A

unilateral
localized lid swelling
tenderness
red

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5
Q

difference between external and internal stye appearance

A

external- smaller more superficial and points toward skin

internal- larger and more discomfort point to skin or conjunctiva

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6
Q

when should external stye resolve

A

should drain in 48 hous or refer because may need antibiotics

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7
Q

when should internal stye resolve

A

1-2 weeks should drain on own if not resolved in 1 week refer because may require prescription ointment

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8
Q

treatment for styes

A

warm compresses for 10 minutes 3-4 times daily

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9
Q

prevention of styes

A

wash ahnds before and after contact with eye
avoid touching eyes
change towels after use
avoid touching eyes when using eye drops
avoid use of eye cosmetics
treat blepharitis if present

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10
Q

how is a chalazion idfferent from a stye

A

inflammation not infection
chronic
develops over period of weeks

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11
Q

description of chalazion

A

lesion point between conjunctival surface

painless localized redness and swelling

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12
Q

treatment for chalazion

A

warm compress 10 min 3-4 times daily
eyelid massage
resolves spontanously

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13
Q

when should you refer chalazion

A

no improvement within 24 hours of treatment

visual disturbance or painful

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14
Q

describe blepharitis

A

chronic inflammation of eyelids
associated with acne rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis
not contagious

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15
Q

symptoms of blepharitis

A 
usually bilateral 
red swollen itchy lid margins 
eyes rad and watery 
EYELID SCALY 
burnign 
sandy or gritty feeling worsens upon awakening 
loss of lashes
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16
Q

blepharitis exacerbations and initial diagnosis is a referral because it requires prescription products but what are some non pharms

A

warm compresses 10 min
gentle scrubbing of lid margin - commercial eyelid scrubs or a cotton swab dipped in solution of baby shampoo in warm water once or twice daily

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17
Q

what is conjunctivitis

A

inflammatory condition of conjuctiva - mucous membrane lining the back of the eyelid and front of eye

18
Q

who should be referred for acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

children adn contact lens wearers due to higher risk

19
Q

symptoms of acute bacterial conjuntivitis

A 
unilateral 
mild to moderate foreign body sensation 
minimal itching 
redness 
creamy white or pale yellow discharge 
EYELIDS STICK TOGETHER UPON WAKENING 
crustin on eyelids
20
Q

adult treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

polymyxinB/gramicidin drops 4-6 times daily for 7-10 days
warm compresses in the morning
continue for 2 days after symptoms resolved

21
Q

what causes hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

n.gonorrhea or nmeningtidis

seen in neonates or from sex

22
Q

signs of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis and treatment

A

copious yellow/greean purulent discharge
red, irritation, tender
immediate referral to emergency room because severe and sight threatening

23
Q

what is chronic bacterial conjuntivitis

A

lasts longer than 4 weeks that requires referral bc need antibiotics

24
Q

non pharms for chronic bacterial conjuntivitis

A

warm compresses
lid scrubs
avoid contaminated products

25
Q

symptoms of viral conjunctivitis

A

acute red eye, conjunctival swelling, soreness, mild pain, minimal itching, profuse watery clear discharge, foreign body sensation. mild photophobia
may have upper respiratory infection

26
Q

viral conjunctivitis is a referral what other things should you recommend

A

cold compresses
ocular lubricants
avoid direct contact for 14 days or more after onset of symptoms (children no school at least a week)

27
Q

symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis

A 
bilateral 
sever ocular itching 
minimal redness
tearing 
no sign of infection 
no foreign body sensation 
history of allergies or seasonal allergic rhinitis 
accompanied with runny nose and sneezing
28
Q

non pharms for allergic conjunctivitis

A

allergen avoidance

cold compresses 10 min 3-4 times daily to help redness and itching

29
Q

treatment options fo rallergic conjunctivitis

A

ocular lubricants for symptomatic relief

oral antihistamines stops itch not redness

30
Q

cautions with ocular decongestants

A

rebound ocular congestion dont exceed 3-5 days

avoid in narrow angle glaucome and uncontrolled hypertension

31
Q

how do you use ocular lubricants and whatdo they do

A

1 drop 2-6 times daily

dilutes allergen amd decreases allergen contact time with conjunctive

32
Q

examples of ophthalmic decongestants

A

phenylephrine

imidazoles

33
Q

example of opthalmic mast cell stabilizer

A

sodium cromoglycate

34
Q

what do opthalmic mast cell stabilizers do

A

block histamine from mast cells

prevent redness, itching, and eyelid swelling

35
Q

when should opthalmic mast cell stabilizers be started

A

must be started before allergy season to prevent symptoms because takes 10 days for max effect

36
Q

risk factors for dry eye

A 
low humidity, high temp 
over 40 
occupation- computer, planes
contact lens
meds-anticholinergics, beta blockers, diuretics 
RA, sjogrens
37
Q

symptoms of dry eyes

A 
foreign body sensation 
redness
itchy scratchy 
burn or stinging
gritty 
tired 
dry 
excessive tearing 
general discomfort 
photophobia 
blured vision 
* worsen throughout day
38
Q

dry eye treatment goals

A

manage symptoms
prevent complications
determine severity rule out other ocular complications

39
Q

non pharms for dry eyes

A

use humidifier
avoid prolonged viewing of screens
avoid outdoor windy environments without protection
cool moist compresses over closed eyelids
tear duct occlusion

40
Q

pharm treatment for dry eye

A

ocular lubricants artificial tears or lubricating ointments at night

41
Q

when to refer dry eye

A

symptoms dont resolve in 3-5 days or if worsen see doctor

stinging and inflammation due to preservative switch to preservative free

42
Q

expected improvement of each condition

A

eyelid and acute bacterial conjunctivitis - 48hr
allergic - 72hr
dry eye 3-5 days

TOSCE (4 decks)

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