Eyelid Disorders Flashcards
What are common eyelid disorders?
Blepharitis, chalazion, hordeolum (stye), ectropion, entropion, and ptosis.
What is blepharitis?
Inflammation of the eyelid margins, often associated with dry eye and skin conditions.
What are the symptoms of blepharitis?
Red, itchy, and swollen eyelid margins, crusting, and a gritty sensation in the eyes.
What is a chalazion?
A chronic, painless lump in the eyelid caused by obstruction and inflammation of a meibomian gland.
What is a hordeolum (stye)?
An acute, painful infection of an eyelash follicle or gland.
What is the difference between an internal and external hordeolum?
Internal hordeolum affects the meibomian glands; external hordeolum affects glands of Zeis or Moll.
What is ectropion?
Outward turning of the eyelid, often leading to exposure of the conjunctiva and dryness.
What is entropion?
Inward turning of the eyelid, causing irritation as eyelashes rub against the cornea.
What is ptosis?
Drooping of the upper eyelid due to dysfunction of the levator muscle or its nerve supply.
What is the pathophysiology of blepharitis?
Chronic inflammation caused by dysfunction of meibomian glands, bacterial colonisation, or seborrhoea.
What are the common causes of ptosis?
Congenital, neurological (e.g., CN III palsy, Horner’s syndrome), or age-related levator muscle dehiscence.
What are risk factors for blepharitis?
Rosacea, seborrhoeic dermatitis, contact lens wear, and poor eyelid hygiene.
What are the clinical signs of chalazion?
A firm, non-tender lump on the eyelid, usually away from the lash line.
What are the clinical signs of a hordeolum?
A red, swollen, and tender lump on the eyelid margin, often with localised pus formation.
What is the conservative management of blepharitis?
Warm compresses, eyelid hygiene, and artificial tears for symptom relief.
What is the medical management of blepharitis?
Topical antibiotics (e.g., fusidic acid) or oral antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline) for severe or refractory cases.
How is a chalazion managed?
Warm compresses; if persistent, incision and curettage may be required.
How is a hordeolum managed?
Warm compresses; antibiotics may be used if infection spreads.
What are the complications of untreated entropion?
Corneal abrasions, ulcers, and infections due to continuous irritation from the eyelashes.
What are the complications of untreated ectropion?
Chronic conjunctivitis, exposure keratitis, and corneal damage.
What is the surgical management of entropion or ectropion?
Eyelid repositioning surgery to correct the abnormal alignment.
What investigations are necessary for ptosis?
Neurological examination, imaging (e.g., MRI/CT), and blood tests for underlying systemic causes.
What is the role of botulinum toxin in eyelid disorders?
Temporary treatment for conditions like entropion or hemifacial spasm.
What systemic conditions are associated with ptosis?
Myasthenia gravis, Horner’s syndrome, and cranial nerve III palsy.
