Eyelid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are common eyelid disorders?

A

Blepharitis, chalazion, hordeolum (stye), ectropion, entropion, and ptosis.

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2
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of the eyelid margins, often associated with dry eye and skin conditions.

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of blepharitis?

A

Red, itchy, and swollen eyelid margins, crusting, and a gritty sensation in the eyes.

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4
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

A chronic, painless lump in the eyelid caused by obstruction and inflammation of a meibomian gland.

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5
Q

What is a hordeolum (stye)?

A

An acute, painful infection of an eyelash follicle or gland.

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6
Q

What is the difference between an internal and external hordeolum?

A

Internal hordeolum affects the meibomian glands; external hordeolum affects glands of Zeis or Moll.

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7
Q

What is ectropion?

A

Outward turning of the eyelid, often leading to exposure of the conjunctiva and dryness.

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8
Q

What is entropion?

A

Inward turning of the eyelid, causing irritation as eyelashes rub against the cornea.

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9
Q

What is ptosis?

A

Drooping of the upper eyelid due to dysfunction of the levator muscle or its nerve supply.

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10
Q

What is the pathophysiology of blepharitis?

A

Chronic inflammation caused by dysfunction of meibomian glands, bacterial colonisation, or seborrhoea.

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11
Q

What are the common causes of ptosis?

A

Congenital, neurological (e.g., CN III palsy, Horner’s syndrome), or age-related levator muscle dehiscence.

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12
Q

What are risk factors for blepharitis?

A

Rosacea, seborrhoeic dermatitis, contact lens wear, and poor eyelid hygiene.

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of chalazion?

A

A firm, non-tender lump on the eyelid, usually away from the lash line.

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of a hordeolum?

A

A red, swollen, and tender lump on the eyelid margin, often with localised pus formation.

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15
Q

What is the conservative management of blepharitis?

A

Warm compresses, eyelid hygiene, and artificial tears for symptom relief.

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16
Q

What is the medical management of blepharitis?

A

Topical antibiotics (e.g., fusidic acid) or oral antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline) for severe or refractory cases.

17
Q

How is a chalazion managed?

A

Warm compresses; if persistent, incision and curettage may be required.

18
Q

How is a hordeolum managed?

A

Warm compresses; antibiotics may be used if infection spreads.

19
Q

What are the complications of untreated entropion?

A

Corneal abrasions, ulcers, and infections due to continuous irritation from the eyelashes.

20
Q

What are the complications of untreated ectropion?

A

Chronic conjunctivitis, exposure keratitis, and corneal damage.

21
Q

What is the surgical management of entropion or ectropion?

A

Eyelid repositioning surgery to correct the abnormal alignment.

22
Q

What investigations are necessary for ptosis?

A

Neurological examination, imaging (e.g., MRI/CT), and blood tests for underlying systemic causes.

23
Q

What is the role of botulinum toxin in eyelid disorders?

A

Temporary treatment for conditions like entropion or hemifacial spasm.

24
Q

What systemic conditions are associated with ptosis?

A

Myasthenia gravis, Horner’s syndrome, and cranial nerve III palsy.

25
Q

Why is prompt treatment important for eyelid disorders?

A

Delayed treatment can lead to complications like vision loss, corneal damage, or chronic discomfort.