Eye OSCE Flashcards
What should you look for with inspection of the eye?
symmetry
orbits
lids and lid margins
sclera
conjunctiva
pupils
Describe the steps that you should use for eyelind eversion
Used in order to look for a foreign body
Patient looks downward, fingers pull the lid down and the cotton swab or finger is placed on the upper tarsal border
The lid is pulled up over the finger and everted
Basically pinch and pull up
_______ is when the pupil is exposed to a light source and constricts
Direct
This is when one pupil is exposed to light and the other constricts
Consensual
This is when the pupils constrict as the object comes closer to the eyes
Convergence
______ is unequal size of the pupils
Anisocoria
What is the average pupil size?
4 mm
How do you test for a red reflex?
Using the ophthalamoscope, the patient should look directly at the light from an arms ligth away
________ is another word for the white reflex and can indicate a serious pathology like a congenital cataract, retinal blastoma, retinal detachment, or other serious conditions
Leukocoria
_________ is a neuroectodermal malignancy arising from embryonic retinal cells; can cause childhood blindness; leukocoria is present before
retinoblastoma
What cranial nerves are being tested with the cardinal signs of gaze?
3, 4, 6
What is the purpose of the cover and uncover test?
Used to identify weaknesses of the EOM
eyes should remain syncrhonous
_______ is the ocular ataxia or rhythmical oscillation of the eyes tested with horizontal eye motion
nystagmus
Describe the eyes in the caloric reflex
If there is cold water inserted into the ear, the eyes move AWAY in the slow phase, which means that nystagmus is TOWARDS in the fast phase
How do you test for visual field confrontation
Ask patient to look directly into your eyes as you stand about an arm’s length away
Imagine a bowl between you and hold your fingers at arm’s length and wiggle your fingers as you move them along the edges of the bow approaching the patient’s central visual field
Estimate the extent of the peripheral vision
If you suspect loss in a visual field, test each eye by patient covering one eye, you cover your own eye opposite, then use one hand to wiggle along the imaginary bowl in that visual field– if you can see the wiggle, so should the patient – then repeat with the other eye
True or False: recent studies suggest that the static finger wiggle and the kinetic red tests be used together
True it increases the sensitivity and specificity
When would you use a fluorescein stain? Why does it work?
Used to find any epithelial defects and is performed after a complete examination
The dye has a high affinity for the basement membrane and fluresces with a blue or woods lamp
Yall know how to do an snellen eye chart exam if you dont well….
learn it then
________ is the acute painful inflammation of the eyelid margins or the meibomian glands
Hordeolum
_______ _______ is caused by a meibomian gland that is acutely plugged
Internal hordeolum
______ ______ is caused by an eyelash follicle or lid margin tear gland that is inflammed
External hordeolum
_______ is the painless, rubbery, nodule lesion that is caused when a meibomian gland becomes obstructed
chalazion
*** more common in the upper eyelid
_______ are benign soft yellow plaques filled with cholesterol that are found on the eye; usually the medial aspects of the eye
Xanthelasma
______ ______ is spread by direct contact and consists of purulent drainage throughout the day; S. aurelus is most common during the day and M. catarrhalis is most common in kids
Bacterial conjunctivitis
_____ ______ also spreads by direct contact but is characterized by a gritty feeling in the eyes with clear discharge; typically starts unilateral but spreads to bilateral
viral conjunctivitis
_______ is a benign growth of fibroblastic tissue on the eye on the medial side
Pterygium
_____ is blood in the anterior chamber of the eye and is typically caused by trauma but can be secondary to clotting disturbances or vascular abnormalities
Hyphema
What is pictured here?
subconjunctival hemorrhage: does not affect vision; may result from trauma, bleeding disorders, or increased vascular pressure
______ ______ ______ is an ophthalmologic emergency that is caused by trauma leading to retrobulbar hematoma; leads to increased intraocular pressure
Patients will present with progressive pain, diplopia, and diffuse subconjunctival hemorrhage and chemosis
Orbital compartment syndrome
