Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM Exam 2 > Approach to eye complaint > Flashcards

Approach to eye complaint Flashcards

1
Q

What is some pertinent information that should be obtained in the history involving an eye complaint?

A 
Age 
Pregnant 
glasses and contacts 
injuries and trauma 
eye infections 
recent travel 
current eye issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the associated symptoms of the eye complaints?

A 
Pain 
Discharge 
Itching and burning 
vision changes 
blurry vision 
flashing lights
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List some of the relevant ROS with an eye complaint

A 
General: fever, weight change 
Neuro 
CV 
Endocrine 
MSK 
skin 
gastrointestinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some relevant past medical history associations with eye symptoms?

A 
Glaucoma 
Diabetes 
Thyroid 
HIV 
IBD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some medications that can have ocular side effects

A 
Steroids 
Plaquenil 
Antihistamines 
Antidepressants 
Antipsychotics 
Antiarrhythmics 
Beta blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the things that you need to inspect during an ocular examination?

A 
Brows 
Periorbital area 
Lashes 
Lacrimal 
Conjunctiva 
Cornea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

While inspecting the eyebrows you should look for these common things…

A

symmetry
signs of plucking
scaly skin
scars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should you look for while inspecting the periorbital area

A 
edema 
change in elasticity 
bruising 
injury 
allergic shiners 
xanthelasma (cholesterol indication) 
proptosis/exophthalmos 
rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are things that you should look for when inspecting the eyelids and eyelashes ?

A 
do the eyes close completely? 
Flakiness and crusting 
Erythema 
swelling 
scabs and lesions 
ptosis 
do the lids invert or evert? 
palpate the lid over the globe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_______ is a blocked meibomian gland; generally nontender unless it becomes inflamed

this is IN THE LID

A

Chalazion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

________ is a blockage of the meibomian gland of tear eyelash follicle or tear gland

this is tender and painful and is located along the lash line

A

Hordeolum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_______ is inflammation at the base of the hair follicles from S. aureus; caused by allergies

A

Blepharitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are you looking for when examining the lacrimal gland?

A

punctae (skin lesions or cancer, autoimmune) and dacrocystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some of the abnormal conjunctival findings?

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Pterygium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

With this, the patients may complain of a gritty irritated feeling in the eye, swollen eyelids, discharge, and red eyes. Can be viral, bacterial, or allergy induced

A

conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you examine the cornea?

A

Should be clear; look for brown tints consistent with hyphema, white scarring from abrasion, corneal sensitivity

17
Q

These are diagnosed with fluorescein stains and are typically quite painful

A

corneal abrasions

18
Q

______ ______ is a white linear area that encircles the colored iris

A

Marcus senilis

19
Q

What is the red reflex and what are some reasons that it could be absent?

A

Red reflex is the redness that is seen in the pupils; the lens should be clear, so if there is a cataract in the eyes, then it can appear yellow or gray or even brown speckles

20
Q

Define icterus

A

yellowing of the sclera that is seen in neonates, liver disease, and pancreatic cancer

21
Q

Describe the cover/uncover test

A

have the patient stare straight ahead at a fixed point; cover one eye and observe the uncovered eye; remove the hand and watch the newly uncovered eye as it tries to focus; if it veers off, then the test is positive

22
Q

_______ is when the eye turns in on the cover/uncover test

A

Estropia

23
Q

______ is when the eye turns out on the cover/uncover test

A

exotropia

24
Q

Why do esotropia and exotropia occur?

A

weak extra ocular muscles

25
Q

Define amblyopia

A

lazy eye; weak vision

26
Q

Define mydriasis

A

dilating the pupils with prescription eye drops

27
Q

True or false: you should NEVER dilate if the patient has a shallow anterior chamber as it can trigger and acute narrow glaucoma

A

TRUE

28
Q

True or false use opthalmoscope: right eye right hand for the patients right eye

A

TRUE

29
Q

_______ is the swelling or engorgment of the optic disc that is due to increased intracranial pressure

A

papilledema

30
Q

______ are brighter than _______ because the oxygenated blood makes them appear more red

A

arterioles

venules

31
Q

What disease are cotton wool spots (white/gray lesions with irregular borders from extruded axoplasm from the retinal ganglion caused by micro infarcts in the retinal nerve fiber)

A

diabetes, HTN HIV

32
Q

_______ ______ are yellow round spots that vary from tiny to small; can be soft or hard. Usually concentrate at the posterior pole between the optic disc and the macula

A

Drusen bodies

33
Q

Drusen bodies can be seen in age related ______ ______

A

macular degeneration

34
Q

What is glaucomatous cupping?

A

Increased intraocular pressure that leads to increased backward depression of the disc

PCM Exam 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions