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Neuroscience 3 > Eye Movements > Flashcards

Eye Movements Flashcards

1
Q

extorsion v intorsion

A

extorsion- upper portion of eye approaches temporal region

intorsion- upper portion of eye approaches nose

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2
Q

every movement above or below the horizontal plane involves at least 2 muscles

A

ok

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3
Q

muscles involved in up and down gaze

A

upgaze:
superior rectus
inferior oblique

downgaze:
inferior rectus
superior oblique

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4
Q

superior rectus actions

A

elevate, intort, adduct

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5
Q

inferior oblique actions

A

elevate, extort, abduct

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6
Q

inferior rectus actions

A

depress, extort, adduct

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7
Q

superior oblique actions

A

depress, intort, abduct

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8
Q

how do you test the individual eye muscles

A

lateral and medial rectus- just have eyes move horizontally

during adduction- vertical movement tests inferior and superior oblique

during abduction- vertical movement tests inferior and superior rectus

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9
Q

where do the cranial nerves controlling eye movements emerge from the brain

A

CN3- interpenduncular fossa

CN4- dorsum of brainstem

CN6- medullary/pontine junction

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10
Q

which CN crosses the midline and innervates contralaterally

A

trochlear innervates contralateral superior oblique

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11
Q

CN3

A

somatic efferent innervation of medial, inferior, superior rectus, and inferior oblique

somatic innervation of levator palpebrae superioris

parasympathetics for accomodation

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12
Q

edinger-westphal nucleus

A

parasympathetic nucleus in brainstem that is the preganglionic portion of the chain for accomodation

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13
Q

compression of CN3 results in what first?

A

pupillary dilation- parasympathetics are on the outside of the nerve, and when it gets compressed, those fibers are lost first

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14
Q

how do CN3, 4, 5, and 6 traverse the cavernous sinus

A

3, 4, 5 thru the lateral wall

6 thru the center

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15
Q

extraocular motor neuron activity

A

contain a tonic activity. abduction increases firing rate and adduction decreases firing rate. at the new position, there is a new resting tonic level of activity

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16
Q

saccade

A

rapid, voluntary eye movement

vision completely blurs during movement

generated by the frontal eye fields and superior colliculus

17
Q

microsaccades

A

keep the image from remaining on the same conors or rods for too long

18
Q

conjugate horizontal gaze

A

saccadic

example: looking left

right frontal eye field- go to right superior colliculus and left paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). right superior colliculus projects to left PPRF. PPRF projects to left CN6 then thru the MLF to right CN3

19
Q

superior colliculus inputs

A

has inputs from retina for vision, inferior colliculus for sound, spinal cord for somatic sensations, and cerebral cortex

motor inputs are deep, visual inputs are superficial

stimulation triggers eye and head movement towards stimuli of interest

20
Q

MLF

A

contains fibers from abducens to oculomotor to yoke these two nuclei together during horizontal gaze

also contains projections from vestibular nuclei, allowing eye movement to correspond with head movement

21
Q

vertical gaze pathways

A

no distinct cortical center - projects to rostral interstitial nucleus (rostral midbrain)- projects bilaterally to oculomotor and trochlear nuclei

rostral midbrain projects thru posterior commissure, specifically for upgaze

22
Q

vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

CN8- projects to vestibular nucleus and flocculus

flocculs projects to vestibular nucleus

vestibular nucleus projects to abducens and PPRF

these are connected to CN3 and 4 via MLF

23
Q

smooth pursuit

A

move smoothly when tracking something

similar to vestibulo occular reflex

pathway: occipital eye field to ipsilateral pontine nuclei (and indirectly thru frontal eye field).

ipsilateral pontine nuclei thru middle cerebellar peduncle to contralateral flocculus

contralateral flocculus thru inferior cerebellar peduncle to ipsilateral vestibular complex

vestibular complex to CN6 and PPRF

PPRF and Cn6 thru MLF to CN3 , 4

24
Q

fixation reflex

A

ability to fixate on a moving target

smooth pursuit pathways used

25
Q

optokinetic reflex

A

involuntary fixation on objects that are moving in relationship to teh head

smooth pursuit pathways used

26
Q

pupillary light reflex

A

bilateral constriction of the pupil in response to light stimuli

light hits retina, projects to ipsilateral pretectal nuclei- projecting to ispi EW nuclei and
contra EW nuclei via the posterior commissure

consensual

Neuroscience 3 (12 decks)

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