Eye movements

Question 1

What are cardinal positions of gaze?

Answer 1

The six eye positions in which one extraocular muscle is the prime mover of the eye. Used to test the function of the extraocular muscles.

Question 2

What extraocular muscles are responsible for up, right gaze?

Answer 2

Right superior rectus and left inferior oblique

Question 3

What extraocular muscles are responsible for up, left gaze?

Answer 3

Right inferior oblique and left superior rectus

Question 4

What extraocular muscles are responsible for down, right gaze?

Answer 4

Right inferior rectus, left superior oblique

Question 5

What extraocular muscles are responsible for down, left gaze?

Answer 5

Right superior oblique, left inferior rectus

Question 6

How do the functions of the frontal eye field and occipital eye field differ?

Answer 6

Frontal eye field brings an object onto the fovea (fast, saccadic movement)
Occipital eye field keeps and object on the fovea (slow/pursuit movement)

Question 7

Which brainstem structures are responsible for vertical gaze? horizontal gaze?

Answer 7

Rostral interstitial nucleus is responsible for vertical gaze
PPRF is responsible for horizontal gaze

Question 8

Describe the pathway for the near reflex

Answer 8

Optic tract–> lateral geniculate –> optic cortex –> frontal eye field –>

1) EW nucleus (bilateral) –> pupil constriction and accomodation
2) III nucleus (bilateral) –> convergence via medial rectus