Blood Supply of Brain Flashcards
What are the two major blood supplies to the brain?
Internal carotids
Vertebral-basilar
What do the internal carotid arteries bifurcate into?
Anterior and middle cerebral artery
What arteries are formed from the basilar artery?
The posterior cerebral arteries
What is the function of the Circle of Willis?
Circular connection between the anterior and posterior circulations.
What arteries make up the circle of willis?
Posterior cerebral Posterior communicating Middle cerebral Anterior cerebral Anterior communicating
How do the layers of an cerebral artery wall differ from a cerebral capillary wall?
Arteries have smooth muscle, perivascular space which are not present in capillaries. Both have astrocyte end feet and endothelial cells connected with tight junction.
Describe the control of blood flow to the CNS
Autoregulation: arterial smooth muscle cell mediated
Metabolic: buildup of glutamate causes vasodilation
What are the layers of the blood brain barrier?
Endothelium, basal lamina, astrocyte end-feet
Blood vessel that supplies the temporal lobe
MCA
Blood vessel the supplies the occipital lobe
PCA
Blood vessel that supplies the frontal and midline parietal lobes
ACA
Describe the most common pathogenesis of epidural hematoma
Trauma to the temporal region lacerates the middle meningeal artery. The “potential” epidural space fills up with blood and pushes the dura away from the skull leading to compression of many brain structures.
What brain structures are supplied by the vertebral artery?
Cerebellum
What brain structures are supplied by PICA?
Posterioinferior cerebellum
Destruction leads to lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg
What brain structures are supplied by AICA?
Inferior cerebellum
