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Clin Med Exam II > Eye IV > Flashcards

Eye IV Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of strabismus

A
  • esotropia
  • exotropia
  • hypertropia
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2
Q

Refractive error causes what kind of strabismus

A

accommodative esotropia

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3
Q

Convergance error causes what kind of strabismus

A

intermittent exotropia

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4
Q

At risk medical conditions for strabismus

A
  • down’s syndrome
  • cerebral palsy
  • stroke
  • head injury
  • prematurity and low birthweight
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5
Q

Hypertropia is due to palsy of what CN

A

CN IV

-uncommon

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6
Q

Treatment of strabismus

A
  • lenses
  • prisms
  • vision therapy
  • botulinum toxin
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7
Q

What often causes amblyopia

A
  • strabismus

- leaving a new born on one side

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8
Q

Amblyopia aka

A

“lazy eye”

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9
Q

Strabismus is associated with what bad thing

A

retinoblastoma (unequal light relfex)

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10
Q

New suddent onset strabismus or diplopia in an adult is what until proven otherwise

A

ANEURYSM

-posterior communicating artery

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11
Q

Gradual onset diplopia in adults

A

intracranial tumor

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12
Q

Transient or persisting diplopia in adults

A

temporal arteritis

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13
Q

Variable diplopia

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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14
Q

Pterygium

A

growth on the cornea, more common on the nasal side

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15
Q

Symptoms of pterygium

A

starts asymptomatic, progresses to dry eye, burning, gritty sensation

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16
Q

Typical appearance of pterygium

A

reddish white, triangle, apex toward cornea

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17
Q

What can cause a pterygium

A

result of UV light exposure, dust, smoke, and low humidity

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18
Q

Pathophys of pterygium

A

-benign firbo vascular proliferation and basophillic degeneration of corneal collagen

19
Q

What is responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins

A

matrix metalloproteinase

20
Q

Treatment of pterygium

A
  • sunglasses/hat
  • topical lubricants or mild steroid
  • surgical
21
Q

Complications of pterygium

A
  • irritated, gritty eyes
  • contact lens appearance
  • astigmatism
  • decreased vision
22
Q

Type of cataracts

A
  • congential
  • age related
  • secondary
  • traumatic
23
Q

Treatment for cataracts

A
  • new glasses prescription
  • sunglasses for glare
  • surgery
24
Q

Complication of cataract

A

develop a hyper mature cataract that causes decreased vision and a riskier surgery

25
Glaucoma
group of diseases that damage the optic nerve of they eye and results in vision loss, usually associated with increased eye pressure
26
Types of glaucoma
- primary open angle glaucoma - congenital glaucoma - secondary glaucoma - angle closure glaucoma - low tension glaucoma - pigmentary glaucoma - pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
27
What is considered legally blind
- visual field of 10 degrees | - 20/200 vision
28
Treatment of primary open angle glaucoma
- topical medications - prostalandins - beta blockers - alpha adrenergic agonists - carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - miotics - surgical options
29
What is congenital glaucoma associated with
- trisomy 21 - axenfeld reiger syndrome - juvenile glaucoma
30
Causes of secondary glaucoma
- trauma - surgery - retinopathy of prematurity - increased episcleral venous pressure - retinoblastoma - herpes - diabetes - topiramate and other sulfa drugs
31
Medications associated with angle closure glaucoma
- cholinergic meds - anti cholinergic meds - anti histamines - SSRI - adrenergic agonists
32
Treatment for angle closure glaucoma
LASER peripheral iridotomy
33
Normal tension glaucoma
- unusually fragile optic nerve | - reduced blood flow to the optic nerve
34
Risk factors for dry macular degeneration
- age - family history - race - smoking - obesity - cardiovascular disease
35
Sx of dry macular degeneration
- blurry, disorted vision | - blind spot
36
Management of dry macular degeneration
diet management | supplement management
37
Management of wet macular degeneration
- Anti- VEGF injection into eye - anti vascular endothelial growth factor - photodynamic therapy - photocoagulation
38
Signs of hypertensive retinopathy
- widening of the arteriole light reflex - arteriovenous crossing signs - copper or silver wire arteries - Elsching spots - siegrist streaks - retinal hemorrhages - cotton wool spots - esudates - papilledema
39
Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy
- blurry vision - spots or floaters - dark spots in vision - difficulty seeing well at night
40
Diabetic retinopathy
damage to small blood vessels of the eye by sugar in the blood
41
Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy
- duration - poor sugar control - HTN - high cholesterol - pregnancy - tobacco - black, latino or native american
42
What can diabetic retinopathy cause
- vitreous hemorrhage | - fibro vascular proliferation
43
Treatment of diabetic retinopathy
- tight control of blood sugar and blood pressure - anti- VEGF injections - steroid injections or implants - laser - vitrectomy

Clin Med Exam II (11 decks)

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