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Clin Med Exam II > Eye IV > Flashcards

Eye IV Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of strabismus

A
  • esotropia
  • exotropia
  • hypertropia
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2
Q

Refractive error causes what kind of strabismus

A

accommodative esotropia

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3
Q

Convergance error causes what kind of strabismus

A

intermittent exotropia

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4
Q

At risk medical conditions for strabismus

A
  • down’s syndrome
  • cerebral palsy
  • stroke
  • head injury
  • prematurity and low birthweight
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5
Q

Hypertropia is due to palsy of what CN

A

CN IV

-uncommon

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6
Q

Treatment of strabismus

A
  • lenses
  • prisms
  • vision therapy
  • botulinum toxin
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7
Q

What often causes amblyopia

A
  • strabismus

- leaving a new born on one side

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8
Q

Amblyopia aka

A

“lazy eye”

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9
Q

Strabismus is associated with what bad thing

A

retinoblastoma (unequal light relfex)

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10
Q

New suddent onset strabismus or diplopia in an adult is what until proven otherwise

A

ANEURYSM

-posterior communicating artery

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11
Q

Gradual onset diplopia in adults

A

intracranial tumor

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12
Q

Transient or persisting diplopia in adults

A

temporal arteritis

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13
Q

Variable diplopia

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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14
Q

Pterygium

A

growth on the cornea, more common on the nasal side

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15
Q

Symptoms of pterygium

A

starts asymptomatic, progresses to dry eye, burning, gritty sensation

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16
Q

Typical appearance of pterygium

A

reddish white, triangle, apex toward cornea

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17
Q

What can cause a pterygium

A

result of UV light exposure, dust, smoke, and low humidity

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18
Q

Pathophys of pterygium

A

-benign firbo vascular proliferation and basophillic degeneration of corneal collagen

19
Q

What is responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins

A

matrix metalloproteinase

20
Q

Treatment of pterygium

A
  • sunglasses/hat
  • topical lubricants or mild steroid
  • surgical
21
Q

Complications of pterygium

A
  • irritated, gritty eyes
  • contact lens appearance
  • astigmatism
  • decreased vision
22
Q

Type of cataracts

A
  • congential
  • age related
  • secondary
  • traumatic
23
Q

Treatment for cataracts

A
  • new glasses prescription
  • sunglasses for glare
  • surgery
24
Q

Complication of cataract

A

develop a hyper mature cataract that causes decreased vision and a riskier surgery

25
Q

Glaucoma

A

group of diseases that damage the optic nerve of they eye and results in vision loss, usually associated with increased eye pressure

26
Q

Types of glaucoma

A
  • primary open angle glaucoma
  • congenital glaucoma
  • secondary glaucoma
  • angle closure glaucoma
  • low tension glaucoma
  • pigmentary glaucoma
  • pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
27
Q

What is considered legally blind

A
  • visual field of 10 degrees

- 20/200 vision

28
Q

Treatment of primary open angle glaucoma

A
  • topical medications
    • prostalandins
    • beta blockers
    • alpha adrenergic agonists
    • carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
    • miotics
  • surgical options
29
Q

What is congenital glaucoma associated with

A
  • trisomy 21
  • axenfeld reiger syndrome
  • juvenile glaucoma
30
Q

Causes of secondary glaucoma

A
  • trauma
  • surgery
  • retinopathy of prematurity
  • increased episcleral venous pressure
  • retinoblastoma
  • herpes
  • diabetes
  • topiramate and other sulfa drugs
31
Q

Medications associated with angle closure glaucoma

A
  • cholinergic meds
  • anti cholinergic meds
  • anti histamines
  • SSRI
  • adrenergic agonists
32
Q

Treatment for angle closure glaucoma

A

LASER peripheral iridotomy

33
Q

Normal tension glaucoma

A
  • unusually fragile optic nerve

- reduced blood flow to the optic nerve

34
Q

Risk factors for dry macular degeneration

A
  • age
  • family history
  • race
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • cardiovascular disease
35
Q

Sx of dry macular degeneration

A
  • blurry, disorted vision

- blind spot

36
Q

Management of dry macular degeneration

A

diet management

supplement management

37
Q

Management of wet macular degeneration

A
  • Anti- VEGF injection into eye
  • anti vascular endothelial growth factor
  • photodynamic therapy
  • photocoagulation
38
Q

Signs of hypertensive retinopathy

A
  • widening of the arteriole light reflex
  • arteriovenous crossing signs
  • copper or silver wire arteries
  • Elsching spots
  • siegrist streaks
  • retinal hemorrhages
  • cotton wool spots
  • esudates
  • papilledema
39
Q

Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy

A
  • blurry vision
  • spots or floaters
  • dark spots in vision
  • difficulty seeing well at night
40
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

damage to small blood vessels of the eye by sugar in the blood

41
Q

Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy

A
  • duration
  • poor sugar control
  • HTN
  • high cholesterol
  • pregnancy
  • tobacco
  • black, latino or native american
42
Q

What can diabetic retinopathy cause

A
  • vitreous hemorrhage

- fibro vascular proliferation

43
Q

Treatment of diabetic retinopathy

A
  • tight control of blood sugar and blood pressure
  • anti- VEGF injections
  • steroid injections or implants
  • laser
  • vitrectomy

Clin Med Exam II (11 decks)

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