Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med Exam II > ENT VI > Flashcards

ENT VI Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms present with rhinitis

A
  • sneezing
  • rhinorrhea
  • nasal congestion
  • nasal itching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common forms of rhinitis

A
  • allergic rhinitis
  • nonallergic rhinitis
  • rhinitis due to structural nasal problems
  • rhinitis of pregnancy
  • occupation rhinitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Classification of allergic rhinitis

A
  • intermittent
  • seasonal
  • persistent/perennial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What helps to distinguish allergic rhinitis from other forms of rhinitis

A

nasal itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Physical exam in pts with allergic rhinitis

A
  • nasal mucosa edematous and pale
  • allergic shiners
  • nasal crease from rubbing nose
  • pale or bluish boggy mucosa
  • clear mucous
  • polyps
  • septal issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for allergic rhinitis

A
  • environmental control and allergen avoidance
  • oral anhistamines
  • leukotriene receptor antagonist
  • mast cell stabilizers
  • immunotherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonists are best for what kind of rhinitis

A

allergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does nasal mucosa look like in non allergic rhinitis

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does nasal mucosa look like in acute rhinosinusitis or rhinitis medicamentosa

A

beefy red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is nonallergic rhinitis distinguished from allergic rhinitis

A
  • onset at later age
  • absence of nasal and ocular itching
  • nasal congestion and postnasal drainage are prominent
  • symptoms are perennial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of nonallergic rhinitis

A
  • vasomotor rhinitis
  • mixed rhinitis (most common)
  • gustatory rhinitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classifications of rhinosinusitis

A
  • acute, less than 4 weeks (bacterial or viral)
  • subactue, 4 to 12 weeks
  • chronic, more than 12 weeks
  • recurrent, 4 or more episodes a year
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common cause of acute rhinosinusitis

A

VIRAL INFECTION

  • rhinovirus
  • influenza
  • parainfluenza
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical presentation of acute rhinosinusitis

A
  • nasal congestion
  • purulent nasal discharge
  • fever/fatigue
  • cough
  • ear pressure
  • facial pain/pressure worse with bending forward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Exam finding with acute rhinosinusitis

A

rhinoscopy

  • diffuse mucosal edema
  • narrowing of middle meatus
  • inferior turbinate hypertrophy
  • polyps or septal deviation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When to do a CT scan with acute rhinosinusitis

A

complication or involvement of the orbital, intracranial or soft tissue

17
Q

How do you treat acute rhinosinusitis

A

resolves in 10 days to treat symptomatically

18
Q

Most common pathogens for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis

A

s. pneumoniae

h. influenzae

19
Q

Treatment for bacterial rhinosinusitis

A 
if sx last longer than 10 days
-amoxicillin
AUGMENTIN
-doxy if PCN allergy
-levo if failed augmentin
20
Q

Most common causes of fungal rhinosinusitis

A
  • mucor
  • rhizopus
  • aspergillus
  • absidia
  • basidiobolus
21
Q

Pts at risk for fungal rhinosinusitis

A
  • immunocompromised
  • diabetic
  • heme malignancies
  • chemo induced neutropenia
  • organ transplant
22
Q

What differentiates bacterial rhinosinusitis from others

A
  • facial numbness if cranial nerves involved

- necrotic tissue in nares/oropharynx

23
Q

Treatment for fungal rhinosinusitis

A
  • surgical eval for biopsy and debridement
  • amphotericin B
  • voriconazol
24
Q

Risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis

A
  • allergic rhinitis

- asthma

25
Q

4 symptoms that must be present for diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis

A
  • anterior/posterior mucopurulent drainage
  • nasal obstruction
  • facial pain, pressure, fullness
  • hyposmia
26
Q

3 subtypes of rhinosinnusitis

A
  • CRS with nasal polyposis
  • CRS without nasal polyposis
  • allergic fungal rhinosinusitis
27
Q

Samter’s triad

A

asthma, CRS with nasal polys, aspirin

28
Q

Presentation of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

A
  • sx similar to CRS with NP
  • usually nasal polyps are present
  • semi solid nasal crusts or rubbery globs of dark colored mucus
29
Q

What is the first choice in imagine for chronic rhinosinusitis

A

sinus CT scan

  • mucosal thickening
  • obstruction of ostimeatal complex
  • sinus opacification
30
Q

Treatment of CRS with NP

A
  • oral glucocorticoids to shrink polyps
  • nasal gluccorticoids to follow
  • add leukotriene inhibitor for maintenance therapy
31
Q

Treatment of CRS without NP

A
  • oral glucocorticoids
  • abx
  • nasal glucorticoids
  • 2nd gen antihistamine
  • leukotriene inhibitor
32
Q

Treatment of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

A
  • surgery

- prolong course of oral glucocorticoids

33
Q

Most common spot of anterior nosebleeds

A

Kiesselbach’s plexus

34
Q

Most common source of posterior nosebleeds

A

sphenopalatine artery

35
Q

Common casue of posterior nosebleeds

A
  • carotid artery aneurysm

- nasal neoplasm

36
Q

Treatment for anterior nosebleed

A
  • compression
  • short acting topical nasal decongestant
  • topical cocaine
  • cauterize bleeding site
37
Q

Treatment for posterior nosebleed

A
  • topical sympathimimetics

- double balloon packs

38
Q

What do you have to do if using a rhino rocket

A

provide abx coverage

39
Q

What two things need to be removed immediatly if lodged in the nose

A

button batteries and disc magnets

Clin Med Exam II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions