Eye Infections Flashcards
What are the causes of acute blepharitis?
Bacterial infections
Allergies
What is the presentation of acute blepharitis?
Eyelid follicles (pustules/ulcers)
Eyelid crusting
Madarosis
Erythema, itching
What are the tx for acute blepharitis?
Warm compress
Wash eyelid margins
Abx (topical)
What abx are used for acute blepharitis?
Erythromycin
Bacitracin/polymyxin
When can oral abx be used for acute blepharitis?
Refractory to topicals
OR
Cutaneous infection
What is the etiology of chronic blepharitis?
Meibomian gland dysfunction
Formation of waxy plugs
What is the presentation of chronic blepharitis?
Dry eye
Foreign body sensation
Cysts
Styes
What is the treatment of chronic blepharitis?
Manage underlying skin disorder
Treat chronic dry eye
Long term abx
What are the abx for treatment of chronic blepharitis?
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Azith
How long are abx administered for chronic blepharitis?
3-4 months
What are signs of conjunctivitis?
Hyperemia
Tearing
+/- itching
+/- ocular discharge
What is the presentation of allergic conjunctivitis?
Watery discharge** Itching** Conjunctival hyperemia Chemosis Blepharedema
What are the treatments for allergic conjunctivitis?
Avoidance
Cool compresses
No contact lens
Mild sx: Naphazoline + pheniramine (vasoconstrictor + antihistamine)
How long should Naphcon-A/Visine-A be used?
No more than 3 days
What is an add on treatment for moderate conjunctivitis?
Opthalmic mast stabilizer
What is the treatment for severe allergic conjunctivitis?
Opthalmic steroids (LAST LINE)
What is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
Highly contagious
What are the presentations of viral conjunctivitis?
Watery discharge Pre-auricle lymphadenopathy Eyelid edema Red eye Chemosis Photophobia Visual changes
What is the treatment for viral conjunctivitis?
Cool compresses
Self limiting
Mild-Mod: Visine A, Naphcon A
Severe: Topical corticosteroids
What are causes for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Non-STD: S aureus, S pneumonia, H flu
STD: Chlamydia, N gonorrhea
What is the presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Purulent discharge!
Red eye
Blepharedema
What is the treatment for Non-STD bacterial conjunctivitis?
Moxifloxacin
Azith
What is the treatment for STD bacterial conjunctivitis?
Bacitracin
What is keratitis?
Inflammation of the cornea
What are causes of keratitis?
Corneal epithelium damaged (Contact lenses contaminated)
Microorganism enter cornea
What is the presentation of bacterial keratitis?
Rapid onset: pain, photophobia, decreased visual acuity mucopurulent exudates Eyelid edema Hyperemia Ulceration of the cornea
What are the causes of bacterial keratitis?
P aeruginosa
Enterobacteriacae
Strep sp
Staph sp
How often should abx be administered for bacterial keratitis?
1 gtt q30 minutes x 12 doses, then 1gtt q1hr x 24-48 hrs
What is the presentation of fungal keratitis?
Rapid onset: pain, photophobia, decreased visual acuity Grey-white color Irregular fluffy infiltrate Corneal absess/ulcer Discharge
What is the DOC for fusarium fungal infections?
Natamycin
+ Voriconazole
What is the dosing frequency for natamycin in fungal keratitis?
1 gtt q1-2h x 3 days
What is an AE of voriconazole?
Hallucinations
