Eye Infections

Question 1

What are the causes of acute blepharitis?

Answer 1

Bacterial infections

Allergies

Question 2

What is the presentation of acute blepharitis?

Answer 2

Eyelid follicles (pustules/ulcers)
Eyelid crusting
Madarosis
Erythema, itching

Question 3

What are the tx for acute blepharitis?

Answer 3

Warm compress
Wash eyelid margins
Abx (topical)

Question 4

What abx are used for acute blepharitis?

Answer 4

Erythromycin

Bacitracin/polymyxin

Question 5

When can oral abx be used for acute blepharitis?

Answer 5

Refractory to topicals
OR
Cutaneous infection

Question 6

What is the etiology of chronic blepharitis?

Answer 6

Meibomian gland dysfunction

Formation of waxy plugs

Question 7

What is the presentation of chronic blepharitis?

Answer 7

Dry eye
Foreign body sensation
Cysts
Styes

Question 8

What is the treatment of chronic blepharitis?

Answer 8

Manage underlying skin disorder
Treat chronic dry eye
Long term abx

Question 9

What are the abx for treatment of chronic blepharitis?

Answer 9

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Azith

Question 10

How long are abx administered for chronic blepharitis?

Answer 10

3-4 months

Question 11

What are signs of conjunctivitis?

Answer 11

Hyperemia
Tearing
+/- itching
+/- ocular discharge

Question 12

What is the presentation of allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 12

Watery discharge**
Itching**
Conjunctival hyperemia
Chemosis
Blepharedema

Question 13

What are the treatments for allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 13

Avoidance
Cool compresses
No contact lens
Mild sx: Naphazoline + pheniramine (vasoconstrictor + antihistamine)

Question 14

How long should Naphcon-A/Visine-A be used?

Answer 14

No more than 3 days

Question 15

What is an add on treatment for moderate conjunctivitis?

Answer 15

Opthalmic mast stabilizer

Question 16

What is the treatment for severe allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 16

Opthalmic steroids (LAST LINE)

Question 17

What is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 17

Adenovirus

Highly contagious

Question 18

What are the presentations of viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 18

Watery discharge
Pre-auricle lymphadenopathy
Eyelid edema
Red eye
Chemosis
Photophobia
Visual changes

Question 19

What is the treatment for viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 19

Cool compresses
Self limiting
Mild-Mod: Visine A, Naphcon A
Severe: Topical corticosteroids

Question 20

What are causes for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 20

Non-STD: S aureus, S pneumonia, H flu

STD: Chlamydia, N gonorrhea

Question 21

What is the presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 21

Purulent discharge!
Red eye
Blepharedema

Question 22

What is the treatment for Non-STD bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 22

Moxifloxacin

Azith

Question 23

What is the treatment for STD bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 23

Bacitracin

Question 24

What is keratitis?

Answer 24

Inflammation of the cornea

Question 25

What are causes of keratitis?

Answer 25

Corneal epithelium damaged (Contact lenses contaminated)

Microorganism enter cornea

Question 26

What is the presentation of bacterial keratitis?

Answer 26

Rapid onset: pain, photophobia, decreased visual acuity
mucopurulent exudates
Eyelid edema
Hyperemia
Ulceration of the cornea

Question 27

What are the causes of bacterial keratitis?

Answer 27

P aeruginosa
Enterobacteriacae
Strep sp
Staph sp

Question 28

How often should abx be administered for bacterial keratitis?

Answer 28

1 gtt q30 minutes x 12 doses, then 1gtt q1hr x 24-48 hrs

Question 29

What is the presentation of fungal keratitis?

Answer 29

Rapid onset: pain, photophobia, decreased visual acuity
Grey-white color
Irregular fluffy infiltrate
Corneal absess/ulcer
Discharge

Question 30

What is the DOC for fusarium fungal infections?

Answer 30

Natamycin

+ Voriconazole

Question 31

What is the dosing frequency for natamycin in fungal keratitis?

Answer 31

1 gtt q1-2h x 3 days

Question 32

What is an AE of voriconazole?

Answer 32

Hallucinations