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Respiratory > Disorders of the mouth > Flashcards

Disorders of the mouth Flashcards

1
Q

What are effects of aging?

A

Taste sensations decrease
Foods taste bitter
Tooth enamel wears away (damage and decay)
Modest decrease in saliva

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2
Q

What is the presentation of mouth sores?

A

Raised, fluid-filled, ulcerous

Ulcers appear white because of the dead cells and food debris inside the hole

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3
Q

What are aphthous ulcers?

A

Canker sores

Small painful sores

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4
Q

What is the appearance of aphthous ulcers?

A

Round white spot with a red border and forms on tissue on the inside of the lip or cheek, on the tongue, the floor of the mouth or soft palate, or in the throat

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5
Q

How quickly can aphthous ulcers heal on their owns?

A

10 days

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6
Q

Do aphthous ulcers leave scars?

A

No

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7
Q

What is the treatment for aphthous ulcers?

A

Mouth rinse anesthetics (lidocaine)
Anti-inflammatory
Abx
Oral corticosteroids

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8
Q

What age do we not use benzocaine in?

A

Less than 2 yo

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9
Q

What anti-inflammatories are used for aphthous ulcers?

A

Amlexanox paste
Triamcinolone
Dexamethasone

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10
Q

What abx are used for aphthous ulcers?

A

Tetracycline
Minocycline
Chlorhexadine

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11
Q

What cream is not recommended for aphthous ulcers?

A

Silver nitrate

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12
Q

What is the DOC for aphthous ulcers?

A

Amlexanox paste

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13
Q

What are cold sores?

A

Recurring sores in which small fluid-filled sores develop on the skin, lips, or mouth in single or multiple clusters

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14
Q

When are cold sores contracted?

A

Childhood

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15
Q

How does a pt acquire cold sores?

A

Contagious

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16
Q

When is a patient contagious for cold sores?

A

From the time the tingling prodrome starts until the sore has completely crusted over

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17
Q

What can cause cold-sore flare ups?

A 
Sunburn on lips
Certain foods
Anxiety
Cold
Fever
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18
Q

What is the treatment for cold sores?

A 
Lidocaine
Valtrex
Acyclovir
Xerese (acyclovir + hydrocortisone)
OTC: docosanol (abreva)
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19
Q

When should cold sore treatment be started?

A

W/in 48 hours of sx onset

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20
Q

Which treatment for cold sores does not inhibit viral replication?

A

Abreva

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21
Q

When should suppressive treatment be used in cold sores?

A

Frequent outbreaks
Severe herpes
Impaired immune system

22
Q

Why are corticosteroids not used for cold sores?

A

May allow infection to spread

23
Q

What is periodontal disease?

A

Simple infection of the gums to serious bacteria

24
Q

What is the cause of periodontal disease?

A

Bacteria

25
Q

Who is most likely to have periodontal disease?

A 
Poor oral hygiene
Smokers
Diabetes
Poor nutrition
Leukemia
AIDs
26
Q

What is gingivitis?

A

Inflammation of the gums

27
Q

What is the presentation of gingivitis?

A

Gums become red and swollen and bleed easily

28
Q

What is the most common cause of gingivitis?

A

Inadequate brushing and flossing

29
Q

What can gingivitis lead to?

A

Periodontitis

30
Q

What drugs cause gingivitis?

A

Phenytoin
Cyclosporine
CCBs
Oral/injectable contraceptives

31
Q

What states can worsen gingivitis?

A

Pregnancy and menopause

32
Q

What is the first sign of leukemia in children?

A

Gingivitis

33
Q

What vitamin deficiencies can cause gingivitis?

A

Vitamin C

Niacin

34
Q

Which vitamin deficiency can lead to thrush?

A

Niacin

35
Q

What is acute herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Painful viral infection of the gums and other parts of the mouth caused by the herpes virus
Heals on its own in 2 weeks

36
Q

What is thrush?

A

Overgrowth of Candida albicans forms a white film that irritates the gums leaving a bleeding surface when wiped away

37
Q

How is thrush treated?

A

Nystatin Troches
Fluconazole
Clotrimazole

38
Q

What are dental caries?

A

Destruction of the hard surfact of the tooth that begins asx and ultimately results in an infection of dental pulp

39
Q

What is the primary cause of dental caries?

A

S mutans

40
Q

What bacteria can occur when there is progression of dental carries?

A

Peptostreptococcus species
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium

41
Q

What are the treatments for dental caries infections?

A

Pen VK (DOC)
Keflex (2nd)
Clinda (Pen allergy)

42
Q

What are salivary gland disorders?

A

Salivary gland malfunction

Salivary gland swelling

43
Q

What is salivary gland malfunction?

A

Certain diseases and disorders can cause the salivary glands to malfunction and decrease saliva production

44
Q

What drugs can cause salivary gland malfunction?

A 
Antidepressants
Antihistamines
Antipsychotics
Sedatives
Methyldopa
Diuretics
45
Q

What diseases may cause salivary gland malfunction?

A 
PD
Depression
Chronic pain
HIV infection
Sjogren's syndrome
46
Q

What causes salivary gland swelling?

A

Stones cause a blockage and bacteria infects the fluid

47
Q

What is TMJ?

A

Muscle pain and tightness around the jaw

Mainly from overuse, trying to open the jaw too widely, or clenching and grinding the teeth at night

48
Q

Who is most likely to get TMJ?

A

Women in early 20s and 40-50s

49
Q

What may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth?

A

Tetracycline use in children (8 or younger) and pregnancy

50
Q

What are treatments for TMJ?

A

Splint therapy
Muscle relaxants
ASA/NSAIDs

Respiratory (8 decks)

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