Disorders of the mouth Flashcards
What are effects of aging?
Taste sensations decrease
Foods taste bitter
Tooth enamel wears away (damage and decay)
Modest decrease in saliva
What is the presentation of mouth sores?
Raised, fluid-filled, ulcerous
Ulcers appear white because of the dead cells and food debris inside the hole
What are aphthous ulcers?
Canker sores
Small painful sores
What is the appearance of aphthous ulcers?
Round white spot with a red border and forms on tissue on the inside of the lip or cheek, on the tongue, the floor of the mouth or soft palate, or in the throat
How quickly can aphthous ulcers heal on their owns?
10 days
Do aphthous ulcers leave scars?
No
What is the treatment for aphthous ulcers?
Mouth rinse anesthetics (lidocaine)
Anti-inflammatory
Abx
Oral corticosteroids
What age do we not use benzocaine in?
Less than 2 yo
What anti-inflammatories are used for aphthous ulcers?
Amlexanox paste
Triamcinolone
Dexamethasone
What abx are used for aphthous ulcers?
Tetracycline
Minocycline
Chlorhexadine
What cream is not recommended for aphthous ulcers?
Silver nitrate
What is the DOC for aphthous ulcers?
Amlexanox paste
What are cold sores?
Recurring sores in which small fluid-filled sores develop on the skin, lips, or mouth in single or multiple clusters
When are cold sores contracted?
Childhood
How does a pt acquire cold sores?
Contagious
When is a patient contagious for cold sores?
From the time the tingling prodrome starts until the sore has completely crusted over
What can cause cold-sore flare ups?
Sunburn on lips Certain foods Anxiety Cold Fever
What is the treatment for cold sores?
Lidocaine Valtrex Acyclovir Xerese (acyclovir + hydrocortisone) OTC: docosanol (abreva)
When should cold sore treatment be started?
W/in 48 hours of sx onset
Which treatment for cold sores does not inhibit viral replication?
Abreva
When should suppressive treatment be used in cold sores?
Frequent outbreaks
Severe herpes
Impaired immune system
Why are corticosteroids not used for cold sores?
May allow infection to spread
What is periodontal disease?
Simple infection of the gums to serious bacteria
What is the cause of periodontal disease?
Bacteria
Who is most likely to have periodontal disease?
Poor oral hygiene Smokers Diabetes Poor nutrition Leukemia AIDs
What is gingivitis?
Inflammation of the gums
What is the presentation of gingivitis?
Gums become red and swollen and bleed easily
What is the most common cause of gingivitis?
Inadequate brushing and flossing
What can gingivitis lead to?
Periodontitis
What drugs cause gingivitis?
Phenytoin
Cyclosporine
CCBs
Oral/injectable contraceptives
What states can worsen gingivitis?
Pregnancy and menopause
What is the first sign of leukemia in children?
Gingivitis
What vitamin deficiencies can cause gingivitis?
Vitamin C
Niacin
Which vitamin deficiency can lead to thrush?
Niacin
What is acute herpetic gingivostomatitis?
Painful viral infection of the gums and other parts of the mouth caused by the herpes virus
Heals on its own in 2 weeks
What is thrush?
Overgrowth of Candida albicans forms a white film that irritates the gums leaving a bleeding surface when wiped away
How is thrush treated?
Nystatin Troches
Fluconazole
Clotrimazole
What are dental caries?
Destruction of the hard surfact of the tooth that begins asx and ultimately results in an infection of dental pulp
What is the primary cause of dental caries?
S mutans
What bacteria can occur when there is progression of dental carries?
Peptostreptococcus species
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium
What are the treatments for dental caries infections?
Pen VK (DOC)
Keflex (2nd)
Clinda (Pen allergy)
What are salivary gland disorders?
Salivary gland malfunction
Salivary gland swelling
What is salivary gland malfunction?
Certain diseases and disorders can cause the salivary glands to malfunction and decrease saliva production
What drugs can cause salivary gland malfunction?
Antidepressants Antihistamines Antipsychotics Sedatives Methyldopa Diuretics
What diseases may cause salivary gland malfunction?
PD Depression Chronic pain HIV infection Sjogren's syndrome
What causes salivary gland swelling?
Stones cause a blockage and bacteria infects the fluid
What is TMJ?
Muscle pain and tightness around the jaw
Mainly from overuse, trying to open the jaw too widely, or clenching and grinding the teeth at night
Who is most likely to get TMJ?
Women in early 20s and 40-50s
What may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth?
Tetracycline use in children (8 or younger) and pregnancy
What are treatments for TMJ?
Splint therapy
Muscle relaxants
ASA/NSAIDs
