Eye/Ear Exam Flashcards
Rods
Enable night vision; work best in dim light
Iris
Circular structure in eye that controls diameter and size of pupil (amount of light reaching retina)
Conjunctiva
mucous membrane that covers anterior portion of eyeball/lines eyeball
Corneal Abrasion
Scratched cornea/scratched eye
Hyperopia
Farsightedness (Often caused by shortened eyeball)
Amblyopia
“Lazy eye” Decrease in eyesight due to abnormal visual development
Stye (Sty)(Hardeolum)
Localized inflammatory swelling in one or more of glands of the eyelid (Treat with warm compress for 4-5 days)
Cataract
Cloudy area in lens; opacity blocks light from reaching retiona; gradual reduction in vision
purulent
consisting of/containing pus
diplopia
double vision
Entropia/Ectropia
en- and in = turns inward
ec- or ex= turns outward
LOWER EYELID TURNS
Cones
Detect color and fine detail; work best in bright light
Lens
Light refraction
Vitreous Humor
Large cavity behind lens, located in vitreous body
choroiditis
Inflammation of the choroid/retina of eye
Choroid
Vascular layer of eyeball between retina/sclera
Myopia
Nearsightedness; Often caused by elongation of eyeball
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rhythmic, repetitive, movements of one or both eyes. Needs neurological exam.
Keratitis
Inflammation or infection of the cornea
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the retina from the choroid; sudden & painless; sees light flashes or floaters
Floaters
Spots in vision that look like black/grey specks and drift across the eyes
Strabismus
Improper alignment of eyes; can converge (cross) or diverge; can cause blindness
blepharoptosis
drooping of the eyelid and interfering with vision
(blephar/o= eyelid
ptosis= drooping)
Pupil
Opening in iris that varies in size to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina
Sclera
External protection of the eye
Aqueous Humor
Produced by ciliary body
Circulates posterior and anterior chambers of eye
Lens Distortion
Cornea starts thinning, bulges into cone like shape. Cone shape detects light and causes distortion
Presbyopia
Old age vision
Glaucoma
damage to optic nerve in the presence of elevated introacular pressure
Macular Degeneration
Progressive deterioration/breakdown in retina
usually both eyes; may start with mild distortion of central vision
Astigmatism
Irregular focusing on the light rays entering the eye (Irregularity of Cornea)
Conjuncitivitis
Inflammation of conjunctiva
Chalaztion
Cyst in eyelid due to blocked oil gland (small, painless, non-mobile)
pinna
- only visible part of ear & first to react with sound
- acts as funnel assisting in directing sound into ear
Stapes (smallest bone in body)
- Bone in middle ear
- Transmits sound vibrations from incus to inner ear
Semicircular canals
- Located in inner ear
- Provides info about orientation to brain to help maintain balance
Tinnitus
Ringing or buzzing sound in the ears
Cerumen
“earwax”
Mastoiditis
Inflammation of the mastoid bone from untreated acute otitis media or associated w/ cholesteoma
Ankylosing
Bones/Joints becoming stiff or united by ankylosis
External Auditory canal
Auditory canal leading from opening of external ear to eardrum
Incus
Small bone in middle ear that transmits vibrations between malleus and stapes
External Ear
- Consists of pinna + ear canal
- Gathers sound waves and directs them into the ear
Vertigo
Feeling of dizziness, loss of balance, lightheadedness
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the middle ear
Myringotomy
Surgical incision into eardrum to relieve pressure and drain fluid
Labrynthitis
Inflammation of labyrinth from viral/bacterial infection
Tympanic Membrane
- Forms eardrum between outer/middle ear
- Vibrates in response to sound waves
Eustachian Tube
- Canal connecting middle ear to upper part of throat
- Allow air in when you swallow/sneeze
Middle Ear
Air filled cavity behind eardrum (malleus, incus, stapes)
N/V
- Visual acuity for near
- Nausea & Vomiting
Otosclerosis
Limited movement of ossicles in middle ear
ot/o= ear
sclerosis= hardening
Stapedectomy
Removal of diseases stapes; replaced with prosthesis of metal, ceramic or plastic
Benign Paroxysmal (BPPV)
Vestibular System Disorder
symptoms: spinning sensation w/ head movement, involuntary eye movements
Malleus
- Small bone in middle ear
- Transmits vibrations of eardrum to incus
Cochlea
- Spiral cavity in inner ear
- Produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations
Inner Ear
Sound detection + Balance
Meniere’s Disease
Chronic Disease of inner ear; vertigo, tinnitus, progressive hearing loss, sensation of pressure
Otomycosis
Mycosis=Fungal
Fungal Ear infection in the outer ear canal
Presbycusis
Progressive nerve deafness associated w/ aging
Root word for eye
Ocul
Is ototoxicity a problem in the ear or eye?
Ear (Property of Being Toxic to the ear)
Purpose of the Cones
Color Vision & Fine Detail
works better in bright light
Purpose of the Rods
- Distinguish light from Dark & Perceive Shape/Movement
- Work better in dim light
Glaucoma usually occurs after what age?
60+
Presbyopia usually occurs after what age?
40+
Medical term for nearsightedness
Myopia
Definition of Refractive Errors
Eye is unable to focus light on retina effectively
3 Types of Refractive Errors
Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, Astigmatism
Why does the onset of nystagmus require a neurologic evaluation?
can be caused by brain tumors
What is the term for Double Vision?
Diplopia
Difference between Hordeolum & Chalazion
Hordeolum: Acute, painful abscess of eyelash follicle or subaceous gland on eyelids
Chalazion: Small, painless nodule on body of eyelid (subcutaneous)
Definition of Keratitis
Any inflammation/Infection of the cornea
What causes Keratitis?
Infection resulting from herpes simplex virus
T or F
The lens of the eye is elastic which allows it to change shape to focus images near and far
True
Ectropian vs Entropian
Ectropian- lower eyelid turns outward
Entropian- lower eyelid turns inward
Symptoms of a scratch or an abrasion to the cornea
- Redness
- Tearing
- Light Sensitivity
- Headache
- Blurred Vision
- Eye Twitching
Difference between open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma
Open- obstruction occurs in trabecular meshwork
Closed- Trabecular meshwork covered by iris or adhesions between iris and cornea
Is open or closed glaucoma easier to treat?
Open is easier to treat
Root word for ear
ot/o
Does cochlear implant restore normal hearing?
No; Restores partial hearing
Is the middle ear normally filled with air or with fluid?
Air-filled
What are the causes of conduction hearing loss?
Can be caused by blockage of external/middle ear (CERUMEN or TUMORS)
Impairment of bones/eardrum in middle ear
Causes of Sensorineural Deafness
Impairment of Cochlea/Auditory Nerve
Two functions of the ear
Hearing + Balance
Causes of Ototoxicity?
antibiotics, drug/chemical exposure
If Otitis Media is neglected what are some complications?
Hearing Loss
Does stapedectomy restore normal hearing?
Yes; about 90 percent of the time
What is serous otitis?
- Collection of non-infected fluid in middle ear space
- Can be both chronic or acute
Is there a treatment for otosclerosis?
Yes; only treatment that cures it is a stapedectomy
What does “Ankylosing”
Bones/Joints becoming stiff
Purpose of semicircular canals
Control Balance
Infection/Inflammation of semicircular canals
Labryinthitis
Major risk of ruptured eardrum is _______
Hearing loss
Symptoms of neoplasms of the ear….
- Progressive Hearing Loss
- Visible Mass
- Loss of Equilibrium
- Tinnitus
Tympanostomy…What is it & Purpose for it being done
- Tube inserted into eardrum to keep middle ear aerated for a long time
- Prevents accumulation of fluid in middle ear
What problem/disease can the herpes simplex virus cause if it gets in the eye?
Keratitis
