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Human Body & Disease > Eye/Ear Exam > Flashcards

Eye/Ear Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Rods

A

Enable night vision; work best in dim light

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2
Q

Iris

A

Circular structure in eye that controls diameter and size of pupil (amount of light reaching retina)

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3
Q

Conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane that covers anterior portion of eyeball/lines eyeball

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4
Q

Corneal Abrasion

A

Scratched cornea/scratched eye

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5
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness (Often caused by shortened eyeball)

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6
Q

Amblyopia

A

“Lazy eye” Decrease in eyesight due to abnormal visual development

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7
Q

Stye (Sty)(Hardeolum)

A

Localized inflammatory swelling in one or more of glands of the eyelid (Treat with warm compress for 4-5 days)

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8
Q

Cataract

A

Cloudy area in lens; opacity blocks light from reaching retiona; gradual reduction in vision

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9
Q

purulent

A

consisting of/containing pus

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10
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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11
Q

Entropia/Ectropia

A

en- and in = turns inward
ec- or ex= turns outward

LOWER EYELID TURNS

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12
Q

Cones

A

Detect color and fine detail; work best in bright light

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13
Q

Lens

A

Light refraction

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14
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

Large cavity behind lens, located in vitreous body

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15
Q

choroiditis

A

Inflammation of the choroid/retina of eye

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16
Q

Choroid

A

Vascular layer of eyeball between retina/sclera

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17
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness; Often caused by elongation of eyeball

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18
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary, rhythmic, repetitive, movements of one or both eyes. Needs neurological exam.

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19
Q

Keratitis

A

Inflammation or infection of the cornea

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20
Q

Retinal Detachment

A

Separation of the retina from the choroid; sudden & painless; sees light flashes or floaters

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21
Q

Floaters

A

Spots in vision that look like black/grey specks and drift across the eyes

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22
Q

Strabismus

A

Improper alignment of eyes; can converge (cross) or diverge; can cause blindness

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23
Q

blepharoptosis

A

drooping of the eyelid and interfering with vision

(blephar/o= eyelid
ptosis= drooping)

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24
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in iris that varies in size to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina

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25
Q

Sclera

A

External protection of the eye

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26
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

Produced by ciliary body

Circulates posterior and anterior chambers of eye

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27
Q

Lens Distortion

A

Cornea starts thinning, bulges into cone like shape. Cone shape detects light and causes distortion

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28
Q

Presbyopia

A

Old age vision

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29
Q

Glaucoma

A

damage to optic nerve in the presence of elevated introacular pressure

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30
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Progressive deterioration/breakdown in retina

usually both eyes; may start with mild distortion of central vision

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31
Q

Astigmatism

A

Irregular focusing on the light rays entering the eye (Irregularity of Cornea)

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32
Q

Conjuncitivitis

A

Inflammation of conjunctiva

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33
Q

Chalaztion

A

Cyst in eyelid due to blocked oil gland (small, painless, non-mobile)

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34
Q

pinna

A
  • only visible part of ear & first to react with sound

- acts as funnel assisting in directing sound into ear

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35
Q

Stapes (smallest bone in body)

A
  • Bone in middle ear

- Transmits sound vibrations from incus to inner ear

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36
Q

Semicircular canals

A
  • Located in inner ear

- Provides info about orientation to brain to help maintain balance

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37
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing or buzzing sound in the ears

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38
Q

Cerumen

A

“earwax”

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39
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Inflammation of the mastoid bone from untreated acute otitis media or associated w/ cholesteoma

40
Q

Ankylosing

A

Bones/Joints becoming stiff or united by ankylosis

41
Q

External Auditory canal

A

Auditory canal leading from opening of external ear to eardrum

42
Q

Incus

A

Small bone in middle ear that transmits vibrations between malleus and stapes

43
Q

External Ear

A
  • Consists of pinna + ear canal

- Gathers sound waves and directs them into the ear

44
Q

Vertigo

A

Feeling of dizziness, loss of balance, lightheadedness

45
Q

Otitis Media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear

46
Q

Myringotomy

A

Surgical incision into eardrum to relieve pressure and drain fluid

47
Q

Labrynthitis

A

Inflammation of labyrinth from viral/bacterial infection

48
Q

Tympanic Membrane

A
  • Forms eardrum between outer/middle ear

- Vibrates in response to sound waves

49
Q

Eustachian Tube

A
  • Canal connecting middle ear to upper part of throat

- Allow air in when you swallow/sneeze

50
Q

Middle Ear

A

Air filled cavity behind eardrum (malleus, incus, stapes)

51
Q

N/V

A
  • Visual acuity for near

- Nausea & Vomiting

52
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Limited movement of ossicles in middle ear
ot/o= ear
sclerosis= hardening

53
Q

Stapedectomy

A

Removal of diseases stapes; replaced with prosthesis of metal, ceramic or plastic

54
Q

Benign Paroxysmal (BPPV)

A

Vestibular System Disorder

symptoms: spinning sensation w/ head movement, involuntary eye movements

55
Q

Malleus

A
  • Small bone in middle ear

- Transmits vibrations of eardrum to incus

56
Q

Cochlea

A
  • Spiral cavity in inner ear

- Produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations

57
Q

Inner Ear

A

Sound detection + Balance

58
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A

Chronic Disease of inner ear; vertigo, tinnitus, progressive hearing loss, sensation of pressure

59
Q

Otomycosis

A

Mycosis=Fungal

Fungal Ear infection in the outer ear canal

60
Q

Presbycusis

A

Progressive nerve deafness associated w/ aging

61
Q

Root word for eye

A

Ocul

62
Q

Is ototoxicity a problem in the ear or eye?

A

Ear (Property of Being Toxic to the ear)

63
Q

Purpose of the Cones

A

Color Vision & Fine Detail

works better in bright light

64
Q

Purpose of the Rods

A
  • Distinguish light from Dark & Perceive Shape/Movement

- Work better in dim light

65
Q

Glaucoma usually occurs after what age?

A

60+

66
Q

Presbyopia usually occurs after what age?

A

40+

67
Q

Medical term for nearsightedness

A

Myopia

68
Q

Definition of Refractive Errors

A

Eye is unable to focus light on retina effectively

69
Q

3 Types of Refractive Errors

A

Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, Astigmatism

70
Q

Why does the onset of nystagmus require a neurologic evaluation?

A

can be caused by brain tumors

71
Q

What is the term for Double Vision?

A

Diplopia

72
Q

Difference between Hordeolum & Chalazion

A

Hordeolum: Acute, painful abscess of eyelash follicle or subaceous gland on eyelids

Chalazion: Small, painless nodule on body of eyelid (subcutaneous)

73
Q

Definition of Keratitis

A

Any inflammation/Infection of the cornea

74
Q

What causes Keratitis?

A

Infection resulting from herpes simplex virus

75
Q

T or F

The lens of the eye is elastic which allows it to change shape to focus images near and far

A

True

76
Q

Ectropian vs Entropian

A

Ectropian- lower eyelid turns outward

Entropian- lower eyelid turns inward

77
Q

Symptoms of a scratch or an abrasion to the cornea

A
  • Redness
  • Tearing
  • Light Sensitivity
  • Headache
  • Blurred Vision
  • Eye Twitching
78
Q

Difference between open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma

A

Open- obstruction occurs in trabecular meshwork

Closed- Trabecular meshwork covered by iris or adhesions between iris and cornea

79
Q

Is open or closed glaucoma easier to treat?

A

Open is easier to treat

80
Q

Root word for ear

A

ot/o

81
Q

Does cochlear implant restore normal hearing?

A

No; Restores partial hearing

82
Q

Is the middle ear normally filled with air or with fluid?

A

Air-filled

83
Q

What are the causes of conduction hearing loss?

A

Can be caused by blockage of external/middle ear (CERUMEN or TUMORS)

Impairment of bones/eardrum in middle ear

84
Q

Causes of Sensorineural Deafness

A

Impairment of Cochlea/Auditory Nerve

85
Q

Two functions of the ear

A

Hearing + Balance

86
Q

Causes of Ototoxicity?

A

antibiotics, drug/chemical exposure

87
Q

If Otitis Media is neglected what are some complications?

A

Hearing Loss

88
Q

Does stapedectomy restore normal hearing?

A

Yes; about 90 percent of the time

89
Q

What is serous otitis?

A
  • Collection of non-infected fluid in middle ear space

- Can be both chronic or acute

90
Q

Is there a treatment for otosclerosis?

A

Yes; only treatment that cures it is a stapedectomy

91
Q

What does “Ankylosing”

A

Bones/Joints becoming stiff

92
Q

Purpose of semicircular canals

A

Control Balance

93
Q

Infection/Inflammation of semicircular canals

A

Labryinthitis

94
Q

Major risk of ruptured eardrum is _______

A

Hearing loss

95
Q

Symptoms of neoplasms of the ear….

A
  • Progressive Hearing Loss
  • Visible Mass
  • Loss of Equilibrium
  • Tinnitus
96
Q

Tympanostomy…What is it & Purpose for it being done

A
  • Tube inserted into eardrum to keep middle ear aerated for a long time
  • Prevents accumulation of fluid in middle ear
97
Q

What problem/disease can the herpes simplex virus cause if it gets in the eye?

A

Keratitis

Human Body & Disease (3 decks)

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