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Board Exam - Part One > Eye Drugs > Flashcards

Eye Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Framycetin

A

CLASS

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

INDICATION

Bacterial eye infections

DOSE

  1. 5% 1 drop q2-4h for 2 days, then 1d qid for 5 days
    * Comes in Soframycin 0.5%*

MONITORING

Improvement of symptoms

Corneal wounds

COUNSELLING

Can cause occular irrit

How to administer drops

D28

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2
Q

Gentamycin drops

A

CLASS

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

INDICATIONS

Bact eye infections

proph post surg

DOSAGE

Bact conjunc:
0.3% 1drop q2-4h for 2 days, then 1d qid for 5 days

proph:
1 drop qid up to 4 days

MONITORING

Improvement of infection

Corneal damage

should be reserved for opthamologist use

COUNSELLING

Can cause occular irrit

How to use drops

D28

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3
Q

Tobramycin drops

A

CLASS

Aminoglycoside antibx

INDICATIONS

bact eye inf

proph post surg

DOSAGE

Bact inf:
0.3% 1 drop q2-4h for 2 days, then 1 drop qid for 5 days

Proph:
0.3% 1d qid until healed (usually not>4 days)

Comes in 0.3% Tobrex drops and oint

MONITORING

Improvement of infection

Corneal wound

COUNSELLING

Can cause occular irritation

How to use drops

D28

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4
Q

Ciprofloxacin drops

A

CLASS

Quinolone eye drop

INDICATIONS

Keratitis and severe conjunc

DOSAGE

Severe conjunc:
0.3% 1drop q2h for 2 days, then 1d q4h for 5 days

Keratitis:
day 1: 0.3% 1d every 15 minues for first 6 hours, then 1d every 30 minutes
day 2: 1 d every hour
day 3 until healed: 1d q4h

Comes in 0.3% Ciloquin, Ciloxan

MONITORING

Improvement of symptoms

Corneal wounds

COUNSELLING

Can cause occular irritation

How to use drops

D28

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5
Q

Oxfloxacin drops

A

CLASS

Quinolone antibiotic

INDICATIONS

Keratitis and severe conjunc

DOSAGE

Conjunc:
0.3% 1d q4h for 2 days, then 1d qid for up to 8days

Keratitis:
day 1-2: 1d every 30mins while awake, then at 4 and 6 hours after going to bed
day 3-7: 1d q1h while awake
day8 until healed: 1d qid

Comes in 0.3% Ocuflox

MONITORING

Improvement of symptoms

Corneal wounds

COUNSELLING

Complete course

Can cause occular irritat

How to use drops

D28

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6
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

CLASS

Broad spectrum antibiotic

INDICATIONS

Bact eye inf

Proph post surg

DOSAGE

Conjunc:
1d q2-4h for 2 days, then 1d qid for 5 days
note: oint at night of tds

Proph:
1d/oint qid until healed (usually 4 days)

Bact blepharitis
massage oint into lid margin daily-BD for 1-3 weeks

Comes in 0.5% drops or 1% oint

MONITORING

COUNSELLING

How to use drops

D28

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7
Q

Propamidine drops

A

CLASS

Antibacterial

INDICATIONS

Acanthamoeba keratitis (part of combo tx. opthal use)

Mild conjunc

DOSAGE

Acanthamoeba keratitis:
1d every hour until improvement, then grad reduce freq

conjunc:
1d tds-qid for 7 days

comes in 0.1% Brolene

MONITORING

Improvement of symptoms

Corneal wounds

COUNSELLING

Complete course

Can cause occular irrit

How to use drops

D28

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8
Q

Betaxolol drops

A

CLASS

Beta-blocker (beta1 selective)

INDICATIONS

Glaucoma

Ocular hypertension

DOSAGE

1 drop BD

Comes in 0.25% suspension, 0.5% solution (Betoptic)

MONITORING

Systemic cardiovascular effects (ie bradycard, BP)

Bronchospasm (caution copd/asthma)

ocular pressure / disease progression / co-morbiditids (ie ensure diabetes controlled)

Tolerance (after 1 year)

COUNSELLING

Susp: shake first

How to use drops

Can -> stinging on instillation, blurred vision, fatigue

D28

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9
Q

Timolol drops

A

CLASS

Beta-blocker (non-selective beta1 and beta2)

INDICATIONS

glaucoma

ocular hypertension

DOSAGE

Conven: 1d 0.5% BD (can reduce to once daily)

XR: 1d 0.25% xr daily - 1d 0.5% xr daily

Gel: 1d 0.1% once daily

Comes in Timoptol-XE 0.25% and 0.5%, Tenopt/Timoptol 0.5% (ir), Nyogel 0.1%, combo preps

MONITORING

Systemic cardiovascular effects (ie bradycard, BP)

Bronchospasm (caution copd/asthma)

ocular pressure / disease progression / co-morbiditids (ie ensure diabetes controlled)

Tolerance (after 1 year)

COUNSELLING

How to use drops

Can -> stinging on instillation, blurred vision, fatigue

D28

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10
Q

Bimatoprost drops

A

CLASS

Prostaglandin analogue

INDICATIONS

Glaucoma

Ocular hypertension

DOSAGE

1 drop once daily at night

Comes in 0.3% drops and 0.3% MINIMS (pres free) (Lumigan), combo preps with timolol

MONITORING

oedema of macula, eyelid, conjunctiva

intraocular inflammation (precaution)

preservative allergies

ocular pressure / disease progression / co-morbiditids (ie ensure diabetes controlled)

avoid combo of 2 prosta anals

COUNSELLING

Best instilled at night

Can slowly change colour of iris iriversibly (more noticable if using in one eye only)

Can cause eyelashes to darken, thicken, lengthen (this stops when tx does)

Can cause eye irritation, blurry vision, headache

How to use drops

D28

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11
Q

Latanoprost drops

A

CLASS

Prostaglandin analogue

INDICATIONS

Glaucoma

Ocular hypertension

DOSAGE

1 drop once daily at night

Comes in 0.005% drops (Xalaprost/Xalatan), combo preps with timolol

MONITORING

oedema of macula, eyelid, conjunctiva

intraocular inflammation (precaution)

preservative allergies

ocular pressure / disease progression / co-morbiditids (ie ensure diabetes controlled)

avoid combo of 2 prosta anals

COUNSELLING

Best instilled at night

Can cause bitter taste

Can slowly change colour of iris iriversibly (more noticable if using in one eye only)

Can cause eyelashes to darken, thicken, lengthen (this stops when tx does)

Can cause eye irritation, blurry vision, headache

How to use drops

D28

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12
Q

Tafluprost drops

A

CLASS

Prostaglandin analogue

INDICATIONS

Glaucoma

Ocular hypertension

DOSAGE

1 drop once daily at night

Comes in 0.0015% minims (Saflutan)

MONITORING

oedema of macula, eyelid, conjunctiva

intraocular inflammation (precaution)

preservative allergies

ocular pressure / disease progression / co-morbiditids (ie ensure diabetes controlled)

avoid combo of 2 prosta anals

COUNSELLING

Best instilled at night

Can slowly change colour of iris iriversibly (more noticable if using in one eye only)

Can cause eyelashes to darken, thicken, lengthen (this stops when tx does)

Can cause eye irritation, blurry vision, headache

How to use drops

D28

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13
Q

Travoprost drops

A

CLASS

Prostaglandin analogue

INDICATIONS

Glaucoma

Ocular hypertension

DOSAGE

1 drop once daily at night

Comes in 0.004% drops (Travatan), combo preps with timolol

MONITORING

oedema of macula, eyelid, conjunctiva

intraocular inflammation (precaution)

preservative allergies

ocular pressure / disease progression / co-morbiditids (ie ensure diabetes controlled)

avoid combo of 2 prosta anals

COUNSELLING

Best instilled at night

Can slowly change colour of iris iriversibly (more noticable if using in one eye only)

Can cause eyelashes to darken, thicken, lengthen (this stops when tx does)

Can cause eye irritation, blurry vision, headache

How to use drops

D28

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14
Q

Apraclonidine drops

A

CLASS

Alpha2 agonist

INDICATIONS

Short term (<3month) reduction of intraocular pressure

Acute angle-closure crisis

Preven oc hyperten post laser surgery

DOSE

1 drop 2-3 times daily

Comes in 0.5% drops (Iopidine)

MONITORING

Duration of use (short term only) / tolerance / allergy

Ocular pressure / disease progression / comorbids (ie DM)

BP

Lid retraction

COUNSELLING

Can cause local irritaion, dry mouth and nose, taste disturbance

How to use drops

D28

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15
Q

Brimonidine drops

A

CLASS

Alpha2 agonist

INDICATIONS

Chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

DOSE

1 drop 0.2% or 0.15% BD

Comes in 0.2%, 0.15% (Alphagan) drops, combo products with timolol and brinzolamide
Note: diff strengths have diff preservatives

MONITORING

Ocular pressure / disease progression / co-morbid (id DM)

allergy

hypotension (BP)

COUNSELLING

Can cause local irritation, blurry vision, dry mouth and nose, taste disturbance, drowsiness, headache

L12

Know how to use drops

D28

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16
Q

Brinzolamide

A

CLASS

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

INDICATIONS

Glaucoma

Ocular hypertension

DOSE

1 drop BD

Comes in 1% (Azopt), combo with brimonidine

MONITORING

Sulfonamide allergy / allergic reactions

Compliance

Disease progression / ocular pressure

Comorbidities (ie diabetes, obesity)

visual changes

COUNSELLING

Use regularly

Can cause discomfort, blurred vision, taste disturbance

Can cause dizziness (caution driving), headache, GI disturbance

17
Q

Dorzolamide drops

A

CLASS

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

INDICATIONS

Glaucoma

Ocular hypertension

DOSE

Single agent = 1 drop tds

Combo w. BB = 1 drop bd

Comes in 2% Trusamide/Trusopt, combo with timolol

MONITORING

Sulfonamide allergy / allergic reactions

Compliance

Disease progression / ocular pressure

Comorbidities (ie diabetes, obesity)

visual changes

COUNSELLING

Use regularly

Can cause discomfort, blurred vision, taste disturbance

Can cause dizziness (caution driving), headache, GI disturbance

18
Q

Acetazolamide

A

CLASS

Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

INDICATIONS

Perioperative reduction of intraocular pressure (eg acute angle-closure crisis)

Chronic open-angle glaucoma where other tx have failed

Epilepsy

DOSE

Glauc: 125g BD - 250mg QID
or
Periop: 250mg q4h (max 1g daily)

MONITORING

Sulfonamide allergy / allergic reactions

Compliance

Disease progression / ocular pressure

Comorbidities (ie diabetes, obesity)

visual changes

metabolic acidosis

electrolyte balance (K, Na) - acts as a diuretic

gout (can worsen)

dehydration

blood dyscrasia

tolerability (up to 50% do not tolerate)

COUNSELLING

Take with food

Can -> drowsy/dizzy, nvd, bitter/metallic taste, decreased libido

Do not take if you have sulfonamide allergy

19
Q

Pilocarpine drops

A

CLASS

Cholinergic

INDICATIONS

Chronic open-angle glaucoma

Acute angle-closure crisis (specialis)

Reversal effect of weak mydriatics (not recommended)

DOSE

1 drop tds-qid

Comes in 1%, 2%, 4% (Isopto Carpine) are strenghts other than 1% even used?

MONITORING

Disease progression, ocular pressure, comorbids

visual acuity for driving (partic in reduced light)

COUNSELLING

Know how to use eye drops

D28

Can -> blurred vision (caution driving), headache, irritation, myopia, miosis (can be perm with long term use)

Board Exam - Part One (3 decks)

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