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Board Exam - Part One > Antibiotics - class, ind, dose > Flashcards

Antibiotics - class, ind, dose Flashcards

1
Q

Cefaclor

A

CLASS:

Cephalosporin

INDICATION:

Acute sinusitis

RTI H. influenzae

otitis media

DOSE:

250-500mg TDS (IR) with food
or
375-750mg BD (CR) with food

Comes in 375mg CR, 25mg/mL, 50mg/mL (Ceclor)

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2
Q

Cefuroxime

A

CLASS:

Cephalosporin

INDICATION:

Sinusitis

RTI caused by H. influenzae

Ear infection

Gonococcal inf

DOSE:

250-500mg BD light meal

Comes in 250mg (Zinnat)

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3
Q

Cephalexin

A

CLASS:

Cephalosporin

INDICATION:

Staphylococcal/streptococcal inf if penicillin allergy

UTI, epididymo-orchitis

DOSE:

250-500mg QID
or
500-1000mg

MAX 4g daily

with or without food

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4
Q

Clindamycin

A

CLASS:

Lincosamide

INDICATION:

Alt to pen in aspiration pneumonia, dental, skin, bone inf

Bact vag

PCP

Malaria

Acne (topical)

DOSE:

150-450mg q6-8h

Comes in 150mg

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5
Q

Azithromycin

A

CLASS:

Macrolide

INDICATION:

Chlamydial inf

pharyngitis/tonsilitis

CAP

travellers diarrhoea

typhoid

Prev/tx of MAC (mycobacterium avium complex) inf

DOSE:

1g stat (chlam)
or
250mg-500mg daily

(Comes as 500mg)

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6
Q

Clarithromycin

A

CLASS:

Macrolide antibiotic

INDICATIONS:

Prev/tx mycobacterium avium complex

H. pylori

LRTI

DOSE:

250-500mg BD
MAX 1g BD

Comes in 250mg, 500mg (Klacid), 50mg/mL

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7
Q

Cephalosporins Monitoring / Counselling

A

Monitoring:

Allergy

Clin effect/sensi/resist

Renal func (esp in long dur/high dose)

FBC (esp in long dur/high dose)

Serum-like sickness (Cefaclor)

Counselling

Complete course

With food (cefaclor and cefuroxime)

with or without food (cephalexin)

Swallow whole (cefaclor and cefuroxime)

Tell dr if severe diarrhoea (C.diff) or severe rash or swelling

Can -> NVD, rash, superinfection

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8
Q

Lincosamides monitoring / counselling

A

Monitoring:

Clin eff

Allergy

Hepatic, renal, FBC (in high dose/prolong tx)

C.diff

Counselling:

Complete course

W/wo food

Can -> NVD, rash, itch, contact derma(topical)

Tell dr if dev severe diarrhoea, rash, allergy

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9
Q

Macrolides monitoring / counselling

A

Monitoring:

Clin eff

ECG - QT prolong, torsade de pointes
(esp eryth, clarith)

Other drug interx
(esp eryth, clarith)

infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
(esp arith, eryth)

Ototox

superinfection

FBC (blood dysc)

Allergy

hepatic func

Counselling:

Complete course

With/without food (azith, clarith, eryth base)

Empty stom (eryth, roxith, eryth ethyl succ)

Interacts with many drugs

L18(eryth only)

Tell dr if baby vom/irritable (azith, eryth)

Can -> GI upset (all, esp high dose)

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10
Q

Metronidazole

A

CLASS:

Nitroimidazole

INDICATION:

G-/G+ anaerobic inf

Protozoal inf (giardia, trich)

C. diff

Dental inf

Asp pneumonia

Bact vag

H. pylori

DOSE: with food

200-400 bd-tds (max 4g daily)

supp: 1g bd-tds

2g stat-daily for 3d (protozoal inf)

Comes in 200, 400, 40/ml, 500supp (Flagyl)

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11
Q

Tinidazole

A

CLASS:

Nitroimidazole

INDICATION:

Protozoal inf

Amoebiasis

Bact vag

Proph in GI/gyn surg

DOSE: with food

2g stat - daily for 3 days

Comes in 500 Fasigyn, Simplotan

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12
Q

Nitroimidazole monitoring / counselling

A

Monitoring:

Clin eff

Allergy

Blood dysc (>10d tx

Neurotox (>10d tx)

superinf

renal/hepatic (metronid)

Counselling:

Complete course

With food (except metro liq - empty stom)

Can -> GI upset, metallic taste, dizzy, headache

Metronidazole -

Can make you dizzy/confused - caution driving

Avoid ETOH (super sick)

Tell dr immediately if numbness, tingling, pain, weakness in hands/feet (partic with long/highdose courses)

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13
Q

Amoxycillin

A

CLASS:

Penicllin

INDICATION:

Exac of chronic bronch

CAP

otitis media

sinusitis

Gonoccocal inf

Epididymo-orchitis

prostatitis

pyelonephritis

UTI

H pylori erad

DOSE: with/without food

250-500mg q8h
or
1g BD
Can 1g q8h if severe

3g stat (gonococcal)

1g bd - 500tds (H pylori)

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14
Q

Amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid

A

CLASS:

Penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor

INDICATION:

HAP

otitis media

sinusitis

epididymo-orchitis

UTI

PID

DOSE: with food

500/125mg BD - 875/125 BD

Comes in 500/125, 875/125, 125/31.25/5mL, 400/57/5mL

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15
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

CLASS:

Penicillin

INDICATION:

Staphylococcal skin inf (folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, mastitis, crush injuries, stab wounds, infected scabies)

Pneumonia

Osteomyelitis

DOSE: empty stomach

250-500mg q6h
MAX 4g daily

comes in 250, 500 (Distaph)

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16
Q

Flucloxacillin

A

CLASS:

Penicillin

INDICATION:

Staphylococcal skin inf (folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, mastitis, crush injuries, stab wounds, infected scabies)

Pneumonia

Osteomyelitis

Septicaemia

Surg proph

DOSE:

250-500mg q6h
MAX 4g daily

Comes in 250, 500 (Flopen, Staphylex), 25/ml, 50/ml

17
Q

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (or Penicillin V)

A

CLASS:

Penicillin

INDICATION:

S. pyogens tonsillitis, pharyngitis, skin infections

Prev rheumatic fever

mod-sev gingivitis

DOSE: pref empty stom?

250-500mg q6h
MAX 3g daily

Comes in 250, 500 (Abbocillin VK, Cilicaine VK), 25/ml, 30/ml, 50/ml

18
Q

Penicillin Monitoring / Counselling

A

Monitoring:

Clin effect

Allergy/hypersensitivity/Immunologic reactions

Rash (esp amoxicillin, ampicillin)

Renal func

Superinfection / C Diff

Neurotox (in high doses)

FBC, renal func, hep func in high dose >10d

Cholestatic hepatitis (diclox and esp fluclox) - risk incr in women, >55yo, course>2weeks

Counselling:

Complete course

w/wo food (amoxycillin)
with food (amox/clav)
empty stom (diclox, fluclox, penV)
19
Q
A

CLASS:

INDICATION:

DOSE:

20
Q
A

CLASS:

INDICATION:

DOSE:

Board Exam - Part One (3 decks)

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