Eye Flashcards
What three bones make up the margin of the eye orbit
frontal
zygomatic
maxilla
roof of the bony orbit of the eye
orbital plate (frontal bone) lesser wing of sphenoid
Floor of the bony orbit of the eye
Palatine (orbital process)
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Lateral wall of the bony orbit of the eye
zygomatic (frontal process)
greater wing of the sphenoid
Medial wall of the bony orbit of the eye
Frontal sphenoid ethmoid lacrimal maxilla
Landmark at the superior orbital margin on the frontal bone
supra-orbital notch
Landmark at the floor of the orbit
infraorbital groove
What bone is the infraorbital groove located on?
maxilla
What structure does the lacrimal fossa accomodate
lacrimal sac
What two structures is the lacrimal fossa located btw
anterior & posterior lacrimal crest
Location of the superior orbital fissure
btw the greater & lesser wing of the sphenoid
The superior orbital fissure communicates with the ______ fossa
middle cranial fossa
Contents of the superior orbital fissure
(III) oculomotor N
(IV) trochlear N
(V1) Opthalmic N
(VI) abducens N
Maxillary Art.
Superior opthalmic V
What are the three divisions of the opthalmic N
Nasociliary
Lacrimal
Frontal
(NFL)
Location of the inferior orbital fissure
Greater wing of the sphenoid
maxilla
Contents f the inferior orbital fissure
Maxilla N (V2) inferior opthalmic V
Location of the optic canal
within the lesser wing of sphenoid
contents of the optic canal
optic N (II) Opthalmic A
What cavity does the optic canal communicate with ?
middle cranial Fossa
Origin of the opthalmic artery
ICA
first branch
The upper and lower eyelids are separated by the _____ fissure
palpebral fissure
the slit btw the two eyes
The apex of the bony orbit is faced _____
medially
The upper and lower eye lid meet each other at the ____
canthus (angles)
They eye lid is lined internally by ______
conjunctiva
M.M
Sebaceous glands of the eyelashes are called _____
glands of Zeis
oily & zeasty
Sweat glands of the eye are called _____
ciliary glands (of Moll)
Molly sweats
_____ are modified sebaceous gland that pour their oily secretions into the margin of the eyelid
tarsal (Meibomian) glands
Tarsal (meibomian) glands are ______
modified sebaseous glands
- pour oils into margin of eyelid
c.c. _____ glands secrete oily secretions that prevent the cornea from drying out when sleeping
tarsal (Meibomian) glands
c.c. A stye/ external hordeolum is an inflam. of the ______ or _____ glands
(a stye is on the outside)
glands of Molls (sweat gland)
Gland of Zeis (sebacous gland)
c.c. Chalazoin/ internal hordeolum is an inflam. of the _____ gland
tarsel gland
(modified sebacous gland) – on the inside of eye
sx: yellow streaks
at the medial angle of the eye is the lacrimal _______
lacrimal lake
The elevation within the lacrimal lake is called the lacrimal _____
caruncle
_________ is a fold of conjunctiva which forms the lateral boundary of the lacrimal lake
plica semilunaris
At the medial end of the eyelid there is a small elevation called lacrimal _____
lacrimal papilla
At the top of the lacrimal papilla there is an opening called the lacrimal _____
lacrimal punctum
______ opening leads to the lacrimal canal
lacrimal punctum
the punctum is on top of the lacrimal papilla
Name the 5 layers of the eyelid
S: Skin
O: Orbicularis oculi M
L : Levator paplebrae tendon
T: tarsal plate (fibrous sheath) (& glands)
P: Palpebral conjunctiva –> Bulbar conjuctiva
S.O.L T.P
____ is the innermost mucous membrane
palpebral conjunctiva
The palpebral conjunctiva reflects to the eyeball to form the _____
bulbar conjuctiva
the angle that they meet at is called the fornix
_____ membranous sheet attached to the orbital margin and is conti with the periosteum of the orbit
orbital septum
thickening of the orbital septum at the margins of the eyelid form ____
tarsal plate
tarsal plates are attached to the medial and lateral orbital walls by ____
palpebral lig
The lateral palpebral lig is attached to the _____ behind the ______
lateral orbital wall
behind- orbital margin
The medial palpebral lig is attached to the ______ in front of the _____
crest of the lacrimal bone
front- lacrimal sac
What is posterior to the medial palpebral lig
lacrimal sac
What is anterior to the lateral palpbral lig
orbital margin
c.c ______: the drooping of the eyelid due to a lesion of the oculomotor N . What M is effected?
Letharo-optosis
Levator palpebrae M is unable to hold eyelid open
c.c. ______: inability to close the eyelid because of a lesion in the facial N . What M is effected?
lagothalmus
- paralysis of the orbicularis oculi
N innervation of the levator Papebrae Superioris M
oculomotor N
SP- to the Smooth M portion
_____ smooth M portion of posterior lamella of the levator Palpebrae superioris
superior tarsal M
The superior tarsel M is what type of M
smooth M
c.c. __________: condition of damage to the cervical SP chain
horner’s syndrome
ex: cancer pressing on cervica
**C.c. Sx seen in Horner’s syndrome
myosis anhydrosis optosis redness endothalmos
Location of the lacrimal glands
lacrimal lake
***Semilunar fold is a reminant of the ______ membrane
nictitating membrane
the third eyeball in reptiles
Tears drain into the lacrimal _____
puncta
Lacrimal canaliculi –> lacrimal _____ –> lacrimal duct –> _______
canaliculi
lacrimal sac
lacrimal duct
infranasal meatus
PS supply to the lacrimal glands is ____
secretomotor
Location of the cell bodies of pre gg PS nerves that will be traveling to the lacrimal gland
Superior salivary nucleus (lacrimal nucleus)
- in the medulla oblongota
Sympathetic supply to the lacrimal gland fxn is: ____
vasomotor
Where do the cell bodies of the post gg SP fibers for the lacrimal gland originate ?
superior cervical gg
pregg SP- internal carotid plexus
At what gg does the nerve to the pterygoid canal synpase?
pterygopalatine gg
What two nerves join to form the nerve to the pterygoid canal ?
greater petrosal N
Deep petrosal N
What type of N fibers run within the N of pterygoid canal?
pregg PS
Post gg SP
What nerve directly innervates the lacrimal gland? What type of fibers does it have?
lacrimal N
Postgg PS
Postgg SP
_____ forms the periosteum of the orbital
periorbita
The superior orbital septum attaches to the epimysium of the _____M
levator papebrae superioris M
Inferior orbital septum attaches to the _____
inferior tarsus
______ is a think sheath that covers the eyeball, except at the cornea
bulbar fscia (tenon’s capsule)
______ space separates the bulbar fascia from the sclera
episcleral space
At pts of M attachment, the bulbar fascia becomes conti with the __ of the M
epimysium
The bulbar fascia becomes conti with the epineurium of which nerve ?
optic N
conti at the optic N’s exit
Bulbar fascia sends out extensions of the medial and lateral walls for more support called ___
check ligaments
2 components of the external fibrous coat of the eye
cornea
sclera
3 components of the middle vascular coart of the eye
choroid
ciliary body
iris
2 components of the internal nervous layer of the eye
retina
optic disc
What makes up the white of the eye
sclera
**___ the site of the sclera pierces post. by the optic N
lamina cribrosa
“crib” letting nerve fibers through –> like the cribiform plate
______: the convex transparent anterior part of the fibrous coat of the eye
cornea
Touching the cornea evokes the _____ reflex.
What does the reflex do?
cornea reflex
- closes the eyelids
Where does the external fibrous coat receive nutrients, since it is avascular?
atmosphere and disffusion
_____ is the pigmented coat of the eye
middle vascular coat
___ forms the largest part of the middle coat of the eye
choroid
Where does the choriod terminate?
anteriorly in the ciliary body
_____ connects the choriod with the iris
ciliary body
ciliary body connects the choroid with the ____
iris
**_______: produce aqueous humor in the middle coat of the eye
ciliary process
What N innervates the ciliary Muscle? What type of fiber?
oculomotor N
PS
Contraction of the ciliary M relaxes the ______
suspensory ligaments
Relaxation of the suspensory lig. causes ______
increase in curvature
for near vision
Relaxation of the Ciliary M contracts ____
suspensory lig.
Tightening of the suspensory lig. causes _____
a decrease in the curvature of the lens
c.c. Increase of aqueous humor produced by ciliary process causes ________
increase in ocular pressure = Glacoma
aperature in the iris is called ____
pupil
What determines the color of the iris
melanocytes
Name the two smooth M of the iris
sphincter pupillae
dilator pupillae
= they control the diameter of the pupil
What are the two M that control the diameter of the pupil
sphincter pupillae
dilator pupillae
_____M contricts (miosis) pupil in bright light
sphincter pupillae
____M dilates (mydriasis) pupil in dim light
Dilator pupillae
_____: the dialation of the pupil
mydriasis
_____: the constriction of the pupil
miosis
What are the two layers of the internal nervous coat of the eyeball
outer pigment cell layer
inner neural lauer
_____ is the outergrowth of the brain that carried rods/cones, bipolar nerve cells, and gg nerve cells
inner neural layer
____ are for small amts of light, night vision, and black& white
rods
____ are for colors, bright lights and need more light to be stimulated
cones
____N is formed by the axons of the ganglion Nerve cells in he inner neural layer of the eye
optic N
What are the three layers of the inner neural layer of the eye
rods and cones (outer)
bipolar N cells
Ganglion N cells (inner)
____: beginning of the optic N, there are no rods & cons (blind spot)
optic disc
____ is at the center of the macula within the retina . Has a higher number of rods and cones
fovea centralis
3 structures that are contained within the posterior portion of the retina
optic disc
macula lutea
fovea centralis
c.c. ______: lost of central vision because of the deteriation of the rods and cones
Macula degeneration
___ is the blind spot
optic disc (in retina) - no rods or cones
Boundaries of the anterior chamber of the eye
cornea (ant)
Iris (post)
filled with: aqeous humor
communicates through the pupil
Boundaries of the posterior chamber of the eye
Iris (ant)
Lense & suspensory lig. (post)
filled with: aqeous humor
Comminicates with the anterior compartment through the pupil
What are the two M fibers of the ciliary M
- radial fibers
2. circumfunctional fibers
Path of the aqeous humor
ciliary process –> pupil –> anterior chamber –> drains out of the sinus venosus sclerae –> opthalmic V –> blood
c.c. Glaucoma if it cant drain
Where does the aqeous humor exit the anterior chamber into?
sinus venosus sclerae –> into opthalmic V into blood
aka: canal of schlemm
Name 4 refractive media of the eye
cornea
aqueous humor
lens
vitreous humor
The lens is anchored to the ciliary body by ____
suspensory lig
c.c denaturization of protein in the vitrous humor form _____
floaters
refractive media of the eye focus light rays onto the _____
fovea centralis
c.c. if there is imperfect bending there will be errors in the refraction = blurred vision
c.c _____: edema of the optic disc
papiledema
c.c. ____: far sightedness
hyperopia
c.c.______: short sightedness
myopia
c.c ____: irregular refraction
astigmatism
c.c.___: inability to focus on far and near objects
presbyopia
“old age”
c.c _____: (eye strain) lense wont change shape bc of the deteriation of the ciliary M
asthenopia
w/o “strength”
_____N Transmits visual signals from the retina of the eye to the brain
optic N (CNII)
_____ is the light reflex center where S & M communicate with ea. other
pretectal region
Where are the cell bodies of Pregg PS occulomotor N located?
oculomotor nuclear complex
(edinger-westphal nucleus)
located in the Mid brain
Where do cell bodies of the Post gg PS fiber of the pupilloconstrictor M lie
ciliary gg
Where are eginger westphal nucleus cells located
mid brain (mesachephalon)
Oculomotor N has _____ fibers
pregg PS
c.c. ________: reflex that occurs when the light is shined on one eye, and the other eye that is not being stim also constricts
consentual like reflex
location of the cell bodies of the post gg SP of the pupillodilator M
superior cervical gg
_____ occurs when our eyes focus on near objects
accomodation
Ciliary M _____ + Suspensory lig _____ = lens thins for ______vision
ciliary M = relax
suspensory lig= taut
lense thins to focus on DISTANT objects
(3) components to the accomodation reflex
- convergence of the eyeballs - Medial RectusM
- pupillary constriction
- Increase convexity (thickening) of lens
Where is the accomodation center located?
superior colliculus & pretectal area
N fibers type that innervate the medial rectus M
GSE
What N will sense (S) an object touching the cornea
opthalmic N
GSA
Opthalmic N carries _____ fibers
GSA
Location of the GSA primary sensory neurons that are involved in the cornea reflex
spinal trigeminal nucleus
_____ is the intregration center for reflexes involved in the eye
reticular formation
Location of the cell bodies of motor neurons that are involved in the cornea reflex
facial motor nucleus
The facial N contains _____ fibers bc of its origins in the pharyngeal apparatus
SVE
c.c_______: Near sightedness. The light converges infront of the retina
Correction?
Myopia
Correction: concave lense
c.c.____: Far sightedness. The light rays converge behind the retina
correction?
hyperopia
correction: convex lense
c.c_____: blurred vision
amblyopia
Extraocular M. have _____ fibers
GSA
they are skeletal M not from the pharyngeal apparatus- from myotomes
O & I of the recti M’s
common fibrous ring around the optic canal
I: corneoscleral Jxn “cornea limbus”
Which recti M’s does the oculomotor N innervate
superior
inferior
Medial
Inferior oblique
(lateral = abducen)
(superior oblique= trochlear)
Which recti M does the abducen N innervate
lateral
sup, inf, med = oculomotor
_____: the jxn btw the cornea and sclera
cornea limbus
Action of the superior recti M
rotate the eye up and medial
inf- down and medial
Action of the inferior recti M
rotate the eye down and medial
sup- up and medial
_____M action is to rotate eye up and medial
superior recti M
____M action is to rotate the eye down and medial
inferior recti M
___M action is to rotate the eye down and lateral
superior oblique M
_____M runs through the trochlea
superior oblique M
N innervation to the superior oblique M
trochlea N (IV)
____M action is to rotate the eye up and lateral
inferior oblique M
**M inserted on the scleara of the post/inf. quadrant of the eye
inferior oblique M
** M inserted on the scleara of the post/sup quadrant of the eye
superior oblique M
M origin on the ant/medial floor of the eye orbit
inferior oblique M
What two Eye M preform extorsion
Inf oblique
Inf rectus
Whaty two eye M preform intorsion
Sup rectus
Sup oblique
2 M that elevate the eyeball
superior rectus
inferior oblique
2 M that depress the eyeball
inferior rectus
superior oblique
When abd. of the eye is preformed by the lateral rectus M only _____&_____ M can be clinically tested for elevation and depression
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
(removes the M.R. from assisting in movement)
When add. by the meial rectus is preformed only the ______& ______M can be clinically tested for elevation and depression
inferior oblique
superior oblique
(removed the L.R. from assisint in movement)
_______ art. runs n the substance of the optic N. It enters the eye at the _______
central artery of the retina
enters: at the center of the optic disc
_______ art. enters the eyeball at the corneoscleral jxn
anterior ciliary art.
there is a posterior ciliary- optic N
______ art. enters the eyeball around the optic N
posterior ciliary art
ant. ciliary- corneosclera Jxn
____ art. supplies ocular M
opthalmic artery
_____ art. supplies the lacrimal gland
lacrimal artery
_____ art. gives a branch to the eyelids called the _____ art.
lacrimal artery
branch: lateral palpebral artery
(3) branches of the opthalmic art. that enter the eyeball directly
central art. of the retina
anterior & posterior ciliary artery
Opthalmic Vein drains what structures
orbit & eyeball
The opthalmic V drains into the _____
cavernous sinus
Supeior opthalmic V comminicates in front with the ____ V
facial V
Inferior opthalmic V communicates with the ______
pterygoid venous plexus
