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T2 - GA 2 Midterm 2 > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts that make up the external ear

A

auricle
external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane

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2
Q

___cleft is the origin of the external acoustic meatus

A

1st cleft

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3
Q

____ is the visible portion of the external ear

A

auricle

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4
Q

The auricle consists of a single ___

A

elastic cartilage

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5
Q

_____ contains the opening for the external acoustic meatus

A

auricle

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6
Q

Blood supply for the auricle of the external ear (3)

A

superficial temporal
posterior auriclar
occipital

(from the ECA)

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7
Q

Name the 5 nerves of the external ear

A
  1. great auricular
  2. auriculo-temporal
  3. lesser occipital
  4. auricular branch of the vagus
  5. facial
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8
Q

What supplies motor to the auricular muscles

A

facial N

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9
Q

Origin of the great auricular N

A

branch of the cervical plexus

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10
Q

Origin of the auriculotemporal N

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal

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11
Q

Origin of the lesser occipital N

A

lesser occipital (on the back side of the ear)

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12
Q

Origin of the auricular N

A

vagus

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13
Q

The external acoustic meatus is supported by ______ on the lateral third of it

A

elastic cartilage

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14
Q

The external acoustic meatus middle two thirds is made up of ____

A

bones

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15
Q

The external acoustic meatus is lined by a ____membrane and ____ glands

A

mucous membrane

ceruminous glands

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16
Q

Modified sweat glands in the external acoustic meatus are the ____

A

ceruminous glands

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17
Q

What three arteries give blood to the external acoustic meatus

A
  1. posterior auricular (ECA)
  2. Deep auricular (Maxillary)
  3. auricle (superficial temporal A.)
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18
Q

Origin of the posterior auricular A.

A

ECA

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19
Q

Origin of the deep auricular A.

A

Maxillary

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20
Q

Origin of the auricle A.

A

superficial temporal A.

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21
Q

Nerve supply to the external acoustic meatus (2)

A
  1. auriculotemporal N (of V3)

2. Auricular branch of vagus N

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22
Q

c.c Why does it tickle your throat when you stick a Q-tip in your ear

A

referred pain to the vagus N

same innervation

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23
Q

What does a Dr. have to do to straighten the ext. auditory meatus in an adult

A

pulls: up, out, & back

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24
Q

How does a Dr. straighten the ext. auditory meatus in an infant

A

pulls it backward

the ext. auditory meatus is horizontal

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25
Q

The tympanic membrane is covered externally by___ and internally by ____

A

ext: skin
int: mucous membrane

(with a core of dense fibrous tis)

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26
Q

The central depression in the tympanic membrane is called____

A

umbo

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27
Q

The anterior superior umbo is the location of the anterior ____ fold and _____

A

anterior malleolar fold

pars flaccida

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28
Q

The posterior superior umbo is the loation of posterior _____ fold, ____ , ____nerve , and long crus of ____

A

posterior malleous fold
pars flaccida
chorda tympani N
long crus of incus

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29
Q

The anterior inferior umbo is the location of the _____ during clinical examination

A

cone of light

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30
Q

POstioer inferior umbo is the safe site for ___ or ____ procedures

A

paracentesis

myringotomy

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31
Q

Procedure where the Dr. removes a sample of ear fluid

A

paracentesis

done in the post/inf. tempanic membrane

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32
Q

A surgical procedure in which a tiny incision is created in the eardrum to relieve pressure caused by excessive buildup of fluid, or to drain pus from the middle ear.

A

myringotomy

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33
Q

Origin of the tympanic membrane is the ____pharyngeal membrane

A

1st pharyngeal membrane

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34
Q

______ A. supplies the external surface of the external ear

A

deep auricular A.

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35
Q

The internal surface of the tympanic membrane is supplied by the _____ & ____A

A

stylomastoid
(branch of the posterior auricular art)

tympanic
(branch of the maxillary A)

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36
Q

What is the origin of the stylomastoid A.

A

posterior auricular A

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37
Q

What is the branch of the tympanic artery

A

Maxillary Art

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38
Q

Nerve supply to the tympanic membrane is (3) N

A
  1. auriculotemporal N (externally)
  2. Auricular branch of vagus
  3. Glossopharyngeal N (internal)
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39
Q

N supply for the external portion of the tympanic membrane

A

auriculotemporal N

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40
Q

N supply for the internal portion of the tympanic membrane

A

glossopharyngeal N

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41
Q

3 portions of the middle ear

A

auditory ossicles
tensor tympani & stapedius
chorda tympani & tympanic plexus of nerves

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42
Q

Origin of the tympanic plexus ?

A

glossopharyngeal N

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43
Q

______ is a cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone which contains the auditry ossicles

A

middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity )

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44
Q

Where are the auditory ossicles housed?

A

tympanic cavity

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45
Q

the middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity) is located in ______

A

petrous portion of temporal bone

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46
Q

The tympanic cavity communicates with the nasopharynx through the ______

A

auditory tube

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47
Q

The tympanic cavity communicates with the mastoid air cells and mastoid antrum through the _____

A

aditus

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48
Q

_____: air spaces in the mastoid

A

mastoid air cells

biggest one is called the mastoid antrum

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49
Q

boundaries of the tympanic cavity

A

roof: tegmen tympani
floor: roof of jugular fossa
anterior wall: auditory tube opening and tensor tympanic M

posterior wall: aditus, facial canal, and pyramid

Medial wall: lateral wall of inner ear, promotory, fenestra vestibuli, fenestra cochleae

Lateral wall: tympanci membrane

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50
Q

What is the name of the oval window

A

fenestra vestibuli

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51
Q

what is the name of the round window

A

fenestra cochleae

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52
Q

______ is the opening in the posterior wall of the tympanic membrane that leads to the mastoid atrium

A

aditus

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53
Q

_____ attached at the oval window

A

stapes

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54
Q

_____ is formed by the base of the cochlea

A

promontory

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55
Q

_____ covers the round window

A

second tempanic membrane

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56
Q

Cone of light on the right ear will shine at a _______ position

A

5 O’clock

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57
Q

cone of light on the left ear will shine at the _____ position

A

7 o’clock

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58
Q

Why does the int. & ext. tympanic membrane have two differ. Nerve supplies?

A

One is from ectoderm & one from endoderm

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59
Q
  1. The _______M attaches to the pyramid on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity
A

stepedius M

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60
Q
  1. The posterior wall of the tympanic cavity is made up of what bone ?
A
  1. Mastoid (has the aditus opening)
61
Q
  1. What are the 2 openings on the ant. Wall of the tympanic cavity ?
A
  1. Auditory tube & tensor tympani M
62
Q
  1. What makes up the roof of the tympanic cavity?
A
  1. Tegmen tympani
63
Q
  1. What makes up the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity?
A
  1. Tympanic membrane
64
Q
  1. What three structures make up the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?
A
  1. Aditus, facial canal opening, pyramid
65
Q
  1. The medial wall of the middle ear is the ______ wall of the inner ear
A
  1. Lateral wall
66
Q
  1. The fenestra vestibuli houses the ______ bone
A

stapes

67
Q
  1. The promontory is formed by the ________
A
  1. Base of the cochlear
68
Q
  1. The fenestra cochleae is covered by the _______
A
  1. Secondary tempanic membrane
69
Q
  1. The floor of the tympanic cavity is formed by the _____
A
  1. Jugular fossa
70
Q
  1. Chorda tympani has _______ fibers
A

SVA pregg PS

71
Q
  1. Chorda tympani synpases at the ______ gg
A
  1. Submandibular gg
72
Q
  1. What glands does the chorda tympani N supply?
A
  1. Submandibular & lingual gland (postgg PS)
73
Q
  1. What two nerves join to make the tempanic N
A
  1. Lesser Petrosal N & Branch from internal carotid plexus
74
Q
  1. The tympani N synapses at the ____ gg
A
  1. Otic gg
75
Q
  1. After the tympanic N synpases at the otic gg it joins with the _______N
A
  1. Auricular N
76
Q
  1. The auricular N innervates the _____gland
A
  1. Parotid gland
77
Q
  1. Incus- mallear joint is a ___ joint
A

saddle joint

78
Q
  1. Incus stapes is a ______ joint
A
  1. Ball and socket
79
Q
  1. c.c. If there is a intracranial lesion of the facial N. What would the sx. Be?
A
  1. Hyperacussis, hypoageusia or ageusia, paralysis of M. of facial expression
80
Q
  1. What two nerve branches goes the facial nerve give off in the facial canal?
A
  1. Chordea tempani, N to the stapedius
81
Q
  1. c.c. if there is an extracranial lesion to the facial N what structures will be affected?
A
  1. M of facial Expression
82
Q
  1. What is the path of the facial N
A
  1. Int. auditory meatus → facial canal → stylo-mastoid foramen
83
Q
  1. Definition of hypogeusia
A
  1. Decrease taste sensation
84
Q
  1. O & I of the tensor tympani M
A
  1. O: cartilage of auditory tube , I: Handle of malleus
85
Q
  1. O & I of the stapedius M
A
  1. O: Pyramid I: Neck of stapes
86
Q
  1. N. supply to the tensor tympani M
A
  1. N. to medial pterygoid
87
Q
  1. N. supply to the stapedius M
A

facial N

88
Q
  1. _______M draws the tympanic membrane medially, increasing its tension = lessen sound transmission
A
  1. Tensor tympani M
89
Q
  1. ______M damps down vibrations by pulling the head of stapes posteriorly
A
  1. Stapedius M
90
Q
  1. c.c What two Nerves does shingles cause lesions in?
A
  1. Ophthalmic (v1) , auriculotemporal (v3)
91
Q
  1. 2 other names for the auditory tube
A
  1. Pharyngotympanic tube , Eustachian tube
92
Q
  1. ____ tonsil guards the auditory tube at the entrance to the nasopharynx
A
  1. Tubal tonsil
93
Q
  1. Yawning causes the _______ to open and allow air in
A
  1. Pharyngotympanic tube
94
Q

39 Going to lower altitudes there _____ pressure on the outside

A
  1. Higher
95
Q
  1. When going to a higher altitudes there is higher pressure in the ________
A

middle ear

96
Q
  1. What two structures make up the inner ear
A
  1. Bony labyrinth , membranous labyrinth
97
Q
  1. The inner ear is located inside the petrous port of the ______bone
A
  1. Temporal bone
98
Q
  1. Membranous labyrinth is suspended within the _______
A
  1. Bony labyrinth
99
Q
  1. The membranous labyrinth is filled with fluid called _______
A
  1. Endolymph
100
Q
  1. The membranous labyrinth is separated from the bony labyrinth by a space filled with a fluid called _____
A

perilymph

101
Q
  1. The bony labyrinth is made up of the : (3) parts
A
  1. Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canal
102
Q
  1. The membranous labyrinth is made up of : (4) parts
A
  1. Utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, and cochlear duct
103
Q
  1. What houses the membranous labyrinths utricle and saccule ?
A
  1. Bony labyrinth’s vestibule
104
Q
  1. ______ is a boney core that contains the spiral gg
A
  1. Modiolus
105
Q
  1. The cochlea turns around the _______
A
  1. Modiolus (a bony core that houses the spiral gg)
106
Q
  1. _____ is the apex of the cochlea
A
  1. Cupula
107
Q
  1. ______ is a thread of bone around the modiolus
A
  1. Osseous spiral lamina
108
Q
  1. ______ houses the cell bodies of the neurons in the cochlear N
A
  1. Spiral gg (bipolar type of neuron )
109
Q
  1. Spiral gg. Has _______ fibers
A
  1. SSA
110
Q
  1. What two membranes divide the inner ear into three divisions
A
  1. Vestibular membrane, basilar membrane
111
Q
  1. The _____ & ____ are filled with perilymph and are communicate through the helicotrema in the inner ear
A

Scala vestibuli & scala tempani

112
Q
  1. Scala vestibuli ends at the _____
A
  1. Oval window (closed by the stapes)
113
Q
  1. Scala tympani ends at the ______
A
  1. Round window (closed by the secondary tympanic membrane
114
Q
  1. Between the scala vestibuli and the scala tempani is the ______ filled with _______
A
  1. Cochlear Duct, endolymph
115
Q
  1. Where are cilia embedded ?
A
  1. Tectorial membrane (on top of the spiral organ/ organ of corti)
116
Q
  1. The vestibule is conti anteriorly with the ___ and posteriorly with the ______
A
  1. Ant: cochlea , Post: semicircular ca
117
Q
  1. The lateral wall of the cochlea contains the ____&______
A
  1. Oval and round window
118
Q

______ semicircular canal lies at a RIGHT ANGLE to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone

A

anterior SC

119
Q

___ semicircular canal lies in LONG AXIS of petrous part of the temporal bone

A

posterior SC

120
Q

___ semicircular canal lies HORIZONTAL

A

lateral

121
Q

___ & ____ are two small sacs filled with endolymph that are located in the vestible

A

utricle & saccule

122
Q
  • The utricle and saccule communicate with each other through the ____
A

utriculosacular duct

123
Q
  • Utriculosacular duct (btw the utricle & saccule) connects with the _______ duct and drains into the endolymphatic sac
A

endolymphatic duct

124
Q

Modified SENSORY epithelium in the utricle and saccule are called ________

A

macula utriculi

macula sacculi

125
Q

N innervation to the macula hair cells in the utricle and saccule

A

CN VIII : vestibulocohlear (s)

126
Q

Fxn of the vestibulocochlear N (CNVIII)

A

static equilibrium
position of head
acceleration/ deceleration

127
Q

the ampulla and the end of each semicircular duct contains the ____

A

crista ampullaris

128
Q

fxn of the crista ampullaris

A

dynamic equilibrium

- rotation/ acceleration/ deceleration

129
Q

The macula fxn is _____ equilibrium. While the crista ampullaris fxn is ____ equilibrium

A

macula = static equilibrium

crista ampullaris = dynamic equilibrium

130
Q

The inner er structures are innervated by ___CN

A

vestibulocochlear (CNVIII)

  • Innervates: cristae & Macula
131
Q

____ is the spiral tube fixed to the cochlear canal by the spiral lig

A

cochlear duct

132
Q

the cochlear duct is fixed to the cochlear canal by the ____ lig

A

spiral lig

133
Q

The roof of the cochlear duct is the _____ and the floor is the _____

A

roof: vestibular membrane

Floor: basilar membrane & spiral lamina

134
Q

____ contains the organ (corti) of hearing

A

cochlear duct

135
Q

The organ of corti rests on the ____ membrane

A

basilar membrane

  • covered by the tectorial membrane
136
Q

The organ of corti is covered by the __

A

tectorial membrane

-rests on the basilar membrane

137
Q

Sensory hair cells for hearing are innervated by the _____N

A

cochlear nerve

138
Q

Internal acoustic meatus opens to the _____

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone

139
Q

The internal acoustic meatus is closed laterally by a thin plate of bone that separates the meatus from the ______

A

inner ear

140
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus

A 
Facial N (VII) 
Vestibulocochlear N (VIII)

labrythin artery
branch of the basilar artery

141
Q

2 divisions of the vestibulocochlear N

A

Cochlear N- detection of sound

Vestibular N - detection of movement

142
Q

____ directs sound waves to the external auditory meatus

A

auricle

143
Q

primary auditory cortex is located in the _____ gyrus

A

superior temporal gyrus

144
Q

The pressure waves from the stapes pushing in and out of the oval window causes deformation in the ____&______

A

scala vestibuli

scala tympani

145
Q

C.C. Conductive deafness is a problem from the ___ to the ____

A

outer ear to the ossicles

146
Q

____gg is affected when the organ of Corti hairs move against the tectorial membrane

A

spiral gg

  • stim the cochlear N
147
Q

Cochlear N is stim by ______gg

A

spiral gg

148
Q

High pitch sounds are dettected by ____ of spiral organ

A

base of the spiral organ

149
Q

Low pitch sounds are dettected by _____ of spiral organ

A

apex of spiral organ

T2 - GA 2 Midterm 2 (6 decks)

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