Ear Flashcards
What are the three parts that make up the external ear
auricle
external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane
___cleft is the origin of the external acoustic meatus
1st cleft
____ is the visible portion of the external ear
auricle
The auricle consists of a single ___
elastic cartilage
_____ contains the opening for the external acoustic meatus
auricle
Blood supply for the auricle of the external ear (3)
superficial temporal
posterior auriclar
occipital
(from the ECA)
Name the 5 nerves of the external ear
- great auricular
- auriculo-temporal
- lesser occipital
- auricular branch of the vagus
- facial
What supplies motor to the auricular muscles
facial N
Origin of the great auricular N
branch of the cervical plexus
Origin of the auriculotemporal N
mandibular division of the trigeminal
Origin of the lesser occipital N
lesser occipital (on the back side of the ear)
Origin of the auricular N
vagus
The external acoustic meatus is supported by ______ on the lateral third of it
elastic cartilage
The external acoustic meatus middle two thirds is made up of ____
bones
The external acoustic meatus is lined by a ____membrane and ____ glands
mucous membrane
ceruminous glands
Modified sweat glands in the external acoustic meatus are the ____
ceruminous glands
What three arteries give blood to the external acoustic meatus
- posterior auricular (ECA)
- Deep auricular (Maxillary)
- auricle (superficial temporal A.)
Origin of the posterior auricular A.
ECA
Origin of the deep auricular A.
Maxillary
Origin of the auricle A.
superficial temporal A.
Nerve supply to the external acoustic meatus (2)
- auriculotemporal N (of V3)
2. Auricular branch of vagus N
c.c Why does it tickle your throat when you stick a Q-tip in your ear
referred pain to the vagus N
same innervation
What does a Dr. have to do to straighten the ext. auditory meatus in an adult
pulls: up, out, & back
How does a Dr. straighten the ext. auditory meatus in an infant
pulls it backward
the ext. auditory meatus is horizontal
The tympanic membrane is covered externally by___ and internally by ____
ext: skin
int: mucous membrane
(with a core of dense fibrous tis)
The central depression in the tympanic membrane is called____
umbo
The anterior superior umbo is the location of the anterior ____ fold and _____
anterior malleolar fold
pars flaccida
The posterior superior umbo is the loation of posterior _____ fold, ____ , ____nerve , and long crus of ____
posterior malleous fold
pars flaccida
chorda tympani N
long crus of incus
The anterior inferior umbo is the location of the _____ during clinical examination
cone of light
POstioer inferior umbo is the safe site for ___ or ____ procedures
paracentesis
myringotomy
Procedure where the Dr. removes a sample of ear fluid
paracentesis
done in the post/inf. tempanic membrane
A surgical procedure in which a tiny incision is created in the eardrum to relieve pressure caused by excessive buildup of fluid, or to drain pus from the middle ear.
myringotomy
Origin of the tympanic membrane is the ____pharyngeal membrane
1st pharyngeal membrane
______ A. supplies the external surface of the external ear
deep auricular A.
The internal surface of the tympanic membrane is supplied by the _____ & ____A
stylomastoid
(branch of the posterior auricular art)
tympanic
(branch of the maxillary A)
What is the origin of the stylomastoid A.
posterior auricular A
What is the branch of the tympanic artery
Maxillary Art
Nerve supply to the tympanic membrane is (3) N
- auriculotemporal N (externally)
- Auricular branch of vagus
- Glossopharyngeal N (internal)
N supply for the external portion of the tympanic membrane
auriculotemporal N
N supply for the internal portion of the tympanic membrane
glossopharyngeal N
3 portions of the middle ear
auditory ossicles
tensor tympani & stapedius
chorda tympani & tympanic plexus of nerves
Origin of the tympanic plexus ?
glossopharyngeal N
______ is a cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone which contains the auditry ossicles
middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity )
Where are the auditory ossicles housed?
tympanic cavity
the middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity) is located in ______
petrous portion of temporal bone
The tympanic cavity communicates with the nasopharynx through the ______
auditory tube
The tympanic cavity communicates with the mastoid air cells and mastoid antrum through the _____
aditus
_____: air spaces in the mastoid
mastoid air cells
biggest one is called the mastoid antrum
boundaries of the tympanic cavity
roof: tegmen tympani
floor: roof of jugular fossa
anterior wall: auditory tube opening and tensor tympanic M
posterior wall: aditus, facial canal, and pyramid
Medial wall: lateral wall of inner ear, promotory, fenestra vestibuli, fenestra cochleae
Lateral wall: tympanci membrane
What is the name of the oval window
fenestra vestibuli
what is the name of the round window
fenestra cochleae
______ is the opening in the posterior wall of the tympanic membrane that leads to the mastoid atrium
aditus
_____ attached at the oval window
stapes
_____ is formed by the base of the cochlea
promontory
_____ covers the round window
second tempanic membrane
Cone of light on the right ear will shine at a _______ position
5 O’clock
cone of light on the left ear will shine at the _____ position
7 o’clock
Why does the int. & ext. tympanic membrane have two differ. Nerve supplies?
One is from ectoderm & one from endoderm
- The _______M attaches to the pyramid on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity
stepedius M
- The posterior wall of the tympanic cavity is made up of what bone ?
- Mastoid (has the aditus opening)
- What are the 2 openings on the ant. Wall of the tympanic cavity ?
- Auditory tube & tensor tympani M
- What makes up the roof of the tympanic cavity?
- Tegmen tympani
- What makes up the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity?
- Tympanic membrane
- What three structures make up the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?
- Aditus, facial canal opening, pyramid
- The medial wall of the middle ear is the ______ wall of the inner ear
- Lateral wall
- The fenestra vestibuli houses the ______ bone
stapes
- The promontory is formed by the ________
- Base of the cochlear
- The fenestra cochleae is covered by the _______
- Secondary tempanic membrane
- The floor of the tympanic cavity is formed by the _____
- Jugular fossa
- Chorda tympani has _______ fibers
SVA pregg PS
- Chorda tympani synpases at the ______ gg
- Submandibular gg
- What glands does the chorda tympani N supply?
- Submandibular & lingual gland (postgg PS)
- What two nerves join to make the tempanic N
- Lesser Petrosal N & Branch from internal carotid plexus
- The tympani N synapses at the ____ gg
- Otic gg
- After the tympanic N synpases at the otic gg it joins with the _______N
- Auricular N
- The auricular N innervates the _____gland
- Parotid gland
- Incus- mallear joint is a ___ joint
saddle joint
- Incus stapes is a ______ joint
- Ball and socket
- c.c. If there is a intracranial lesion of the facial N. What would the sx. Be?
- Hyperacussis, hypoageusia or ageusia, paralysis of M. of facial expression
- What two nerve branches goes the facial nerve give off in the facial canal?
- Chordea tempani, N to the stapedius
- c.c. if there is an extracranial lesion to the facial N what structures will be affected?
- M of facial Expression
- What is the path of the facial N
- Int. auditory meatus → facial canal → stylo-mastoid foramen
- Definition of hypogeusia
- Decrease taste sensation
- O & I of the tensor tympani M
- O: cartilage of auditory tube , I: Handle of malleus
- O & I of the stapedius M
- O: Pyramid I: Neck of stapes
- N. supply to the tensor tympani M
- N. to medial pterygoid
- N. supply to the stapedius M
facial N
- _______M draws the tympanic membrane medially, increasing its tension = lessen sound transmission
- Tensor tympani M
- ______M damps down vibrations by pulling the head of stapes posteriorly
- Stapedius M
- c.c What two Nerves does shingles cause lesions in?
- Ophthalmic (v1) , auriculotemporal (v3)
- 2 other names for the auditory tube
- Pharyngotympanic tube , Eustachian tube
- ____ tonsil guards the auditory tube at the entrance to the nasopharynx
- Tubal tonsil
- Yawning causes the _______ to open and allow air in
- Pharyngotympanic tube
39 Going to lower altitudes there _____ pressure on the outside
- Higher
- When going to a higher altitudes there is higher pressure in the ________
middle ear
- What two structures make up the inner ear
- Bony labyrinth , membranous labyrinth
- The inner ear is located inside the petrous port of the ______bone
- Temporal bone
- Membranous labyrinth is suspended within the _______
- Bony labyrinth
- The membranous labyrinth is filled with fluid called _______
- Endolymph
- The membranous labyrinth is separated from the bony labyrinth by a space filled with a fluid called _____
perilymph
- The bony labyrinth is made up of the : (3) parts
- Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canal
- The membranous labyrinth is made up of : (4) parts
- Utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, and cochlear duct
- What houses the membranous labyrinths utricle and saccule ?
- Bony labyrinth’s vestibule
- ______ is a boney core that contains the spiral gg
- Modiolus
- The cochlea turns around the _______
- Modiolus (a bony core that houses the spiral gg)
- _____ is the apex of the cochlea
- Cupula
- ______ is a thread of bone around the modiolus
- Osseous spiral lamina
- ______ houses the cell bodies of the neurons in the cochlear N
- Spiral gg (bipolar type of neuron )
- Spiral gg. Has _______ fibers
- SSA
- What two membranes divide the inner ear into three divisions
- Vestibular membrane, basilar membrane
- The _____ & ____ are filled with perilymph and are communicate through the helicotrema in the inner ear
Scala vestibuli & scala tempani
- Scala vestibuli ends at the _____
- Oval window (closed by the stapes)
- Scala tympani ends at the ______
- Round window (closed by the secondary tympanic membrane
- Between the scala vestibuli and the scala tempani is the ______ filled with _______
- Cochlear Duct, endolymph
- Where are cilia embedded ?
- Tectorial membrane (on top of the spiral organ/ organ of corti)
- The vestibule is conti anteriorly with the ___ and posteriorly with the ______
- Ant: cochlea , Post: semicircular ca
- The lateral wall of the cochlea contains the ____&______
- Oval and round window
______ semicircular canal lies at a RIGHT ANGLE to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
anterior SC
___ semicircular canal lies in LONG AXIS of petrous part of the temporal bone
posterior SC
___ semicircular canal lies HORIZONTAL
lateral
___ & ____ are two small sacs filled with endolymph that are located in the vestible
utricle & saccule
- The utricle and saccule communicate with each other through the ____
utriculosacular duct
- Utriculosacular duct (btw the utricle & saccule) connects with the _______ duct and drains into the endolymphatic sac
endolymphatic duct
Modified SENSORY epithelium in the utricle and saccule are called ________
macula utriculi
macula sacculi
N innervation to the macula hair cells in the utricle and saccule
CN VIII : vestibulocohlear (s)
Fxn of the vestibulocochlear N (CNVIII)
static equilibrium
position of head
acceleration/ deceleration
the ampulla and the end of each semicircular duct contains the ____
crista ampullaris
fxn of the crista ampullaris
dynamic equilibrium
- rotation/ acceleration/ deceleration
The macula fxn is _____ equilibrium. While the crista ampullaris fxn is ____ equilibrium
macula = static equilibrium
crista ampullaris = dynamic equilibrium
The inner er structures are innervated by ___CN
vestibulocochlear (CNVIII)
- Innervates: cristae & Macula
____ is the spiral tube fixed to the cochlear canal by the spiral lig
cochlear duct
the cochlear duct is fixed to the cochlear canal by the ____ lig
spiral lig
The roof of the cochlear duct is the _____ and the floor is the _____
roof: vestibular membrane
Floor: basilar membrane & spiral lamina
____ contains the organ (corti) of hearing
cochlear duct
The organ of corti rests on the ____ membrane
basilar membrane
- covered by the tectorial membrane
The organ of corti is covered by the __
tectorial membrane
-rests on the basilar membrane
Sensory hair cells for hearing are innervated by the _____N
cochlear nerve
Internal acoustic meatus opens to the _____
petrous portion of the temporal bone
The internal acoustic meatus is closed laterally by a thin plate of bone that separates the meatus from the ______
inner ear
What passes through the internal acoustic meatus
Facial N (VII) Vestibulocochlear N (VIII)
labrythin artery
branch of the basilar artery
2 divisions of the vestibulocochlear N
Cochlear N- detection of sound
Vestibular N - detection of movement
____ directs sound waves to the external auditory meatus
auricle
primary auditory cortex is located in the _____ gyrus
superior temporal gyrus
The pressure waves from the stapes pushing in and out of the oval window causes deformation in the ____&______
scala vestibuli
scala tympani
C.C. Conductive deafness is a problem from the ___ to the ____
outer ear to the ossicles
____gg is affected when the organ of Corti hairs move against the tectorial membrane
spiral gg
- stim the cochlear N
Cochlear N is stim by ______gg
spiral gg
High pitch sounds are dettected by ____ of spiral organ
base of the spiral organ
Low pitch sounds are dettected by _____ of spiral organ
apex of spiral organ
