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CAPS 391 > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

Chapter 12

1
Q

Where are more than half the sensory receptors of human body contained?

A

the eye

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2
Q

What protects the eye?

A

accessory structures

  • eyelids
  • extraoccular muscles
  • lacrimal apparatus
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3
Q

What are the layers of the eyeball? What type of tissues are they?

A
  • fibrous layer (tunica)
  • vascular layer (middle layer)
  • nervous layer
  • these are connective tissues
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4
Q

What is 5/6ths of the posterior part of the fibrous layer? What does it do?

A
  • the posterior 5/6ths of it is made up of whitish dense connective tissue called the sclera
  • it protects the inner parts of the eyeball and serves as the attachment site for extraocular muscles and maintains the shape of the eyeball
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5
Q

Where does the optic nerve and blood vessels penetrate the fibrous layer?

A

the posterior aspect of the sclera

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6
Q

What is the anterior 1/6th of the fibrous layer?

What does it do?

A
  • called the cornea
  • transparent and lacks blood vessels
  • covered by conjunctiva
  • anteriorly convex so it helps focusing the light onto the retina
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7
Q

What are the parts of the vascular layer of the eyeball?

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
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8
Q

What forms the 5/6ths of the vascular layer?

What does it do?

A
  • choroid
  • lines the inner surface of the sclera
  • highly vascularized and nourishes the retina
  • the choroid carries melanin pigments that absorb the light rays and prevents the reflection of light within the eyeball
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9
Q

What is the anterior continuation of the choroid layer of the vascular layer? What does it do? What is it composed of?

A
  • the ciliary body
  • secretes aqueous humour
  • modifies the convexity of the lens
  • the core is formed by the circular smooth muscle fibres, the ciliary muscle
  • suspensory ligaments stretch between the inner surface of the ciliary body and the circumference of the lens
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10
Q

What is the suspensory ligament? Where is it?

A
  • it is a delicate fibre

- located between the inner surface of the ciliary body and the circumference of the lens of the eye

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11
Q

What causes the lens to adapt to near vision? What about far vision?

A
  • contractions of the ciliary muscles alters the convexity of the lens to allow for near vision
  • relaxation of the muscle causes far vision
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12
Q

What forms the anterior 1/6th of the vascular layer of the eye? How is it made? What does it do?

A
  • the iris
  • forms a vertical disk in front of the lens and behind the cornea
  • the core of iris is made by smooth muscle fibers that are arranged in circular or radial manner
  • the iris carries melanin pigments that determines the colour of the eye based upon the amount of pigment there is
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13
Q

How is the pupil altered? What does this do?

A
  • via contraction of the muscle fibers of the iris
  • the parasympathetic activation contracts the circular muscle fibers that entails constriction of the pupil
  • the sympathetic activation contracts the radial muscle fibers that leads to dilation of the pupil
  • determines the amount of light entering the eyeball
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14
Q

What the parts to the nervous layer of the eye?

A
  • retina

- anterior 1/4th

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15
Q

What makes up the posterior 3/4ths of the nervous layer? What is it composed of?

A
  • the retina

- carries photoreceptors

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16
Q

Where is the optic nerve in the eye? What is its’ effect on vision?

A
  • it is the optic disc of the retina

- causes a blindspot in vision

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17
Q

What does the macula lutea do in the eye? What is it composed of? Where is it located?

A
  • very sensitive to light
  • it is composed of color detecting photoreceptors
  • situated lateral to the optic disc
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18
Q

Where is the highest concentration of photoreceptors?

A

the fovea which is the center of the macula lutea

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19
Q

What does the anterior 1/4th of the the nervous layer do? What is it made of?

A
  • has no photoreceptors
  • carries pigments
  • lines the ciliary body and the posterior surface of the iris
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20
Q

What is the lens made of?

A
  • transparent, biconvex, elastic body

- lacks blood vessles

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21
Q

Where is the lens located?

A

posterior to the iris

22
Q

How is the lens held in place?

A

by suspensory ligaments that act as the tendons of the ciliary muscles

23
Q

What are the 3 chambers of the eye?

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • vitreous
24
Q

Where is the anterior chamber located?

A

between the cornea and the iris

25
Q

What is aqueous humour?

A
  • it is a clear fluid that cushions the lens and cornea and provides a transport system for nutrients and waste materials
  • located in the anterior chamber of the eye and the posterior chamber
26
Q

Where is the posterior chamber located?

A
  • behind the iris and in front of the lens

- continuous with the anterior chamber through the pupil

27
Q

Where is the aqueous humour secreted from?

A
  • ciliary body

- fills the posterior chamber flows through the pupil and fills the anterior chamber

28
Q

Where does the aqueous humour drain?

A

scleral venous sinus via the canal of schlemm

29
Q

Where is the canal of schlemm located?

A

at the junction of the sclera and cornea

30
Q

Where is the vitreous chamber located?

A

between the lens and the retina

31
Q

What is the vitreous body?

A
  • It is a clear jelly-like substance in the vitreous chamber

- helps maintains the shape of the eyeball, cushions the lens, and holds the retina against the choroid

32
Q

What does the iris do?

A

protect the eye against excessive light and foreign objects

33
Q

What is the tarsal plate?

A

a fibroelastic plate and skeletal muscles that forms the core of the eyelid

34
Q

What is conjunctiva?

A

a mucous membrane that reflects on the eyeball to cover the cornea and lines the inner surface of the eyelids

35
Q

Where are the eyelashes, sweat glands, and sebaceous gland found?

A

in the free margin of the eyelids

36
Q

What are the components of the lacrimal apparatus?

A
  • lacrimal gland
  • lacrimal canaliculi
  • lacrimal sac
  • nasolacrimal duct
37
Q

What does the lacrimal apparatus do?

A

produce and drain tears

38
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland?

A

superolateral part of the orbital cavity

39
Q

What does the lacrimal gland do?

A

releases the tears on the surface of the eye

40
Q

Where are tears collected?

A
  • swept by the blinking movements of the eye

- collected in the medial corner of the eye

41
Q

What makes up the lacrimal canaliculi?

A

a pair of small tubes

42
Q

Where are the lacrimal canaoliculi located?

A

medial corner of the eye

43
Q

What does the lacrimal canaoliculi do?

A

drain the tears into the lacrimal sac

44
Q

What is the lacrimal punctum?

A

the opening to the lacrimal canaoliculi

45
Q

What is the lacrimal sac made of?

A

a membranous sac

46
Q

Where is the lacrimal sac located?

A

fills the lacrimal groove of the lacrimal bone

47
Q

What does the lacrimal sac do?

A

receives the tears from the lacrimal canaliculi

48
Q

What is the nasolacrimal duct?

A

is the distal continuation of the lacrimal sac

49
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct empty into?

A

lateral wall of the nasal cavity at the inferior nasal meatus

50
Q

What are the smooth muscles of the iris and ciliary body classified as?

A

intrinsic muscles of the eye

CAPS 391 (4 decks)

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