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CAPS 391 > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

Chapter 12

1
Q

What are the three anatomical regions of the ear?

A
  • external ear
  • middle ear
  • internal ear
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2
Q

What does the external and middle ear do?

A

reception and transmission of the sound waves to the inner ear where the inner ear

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3
Q

Where does the the inner do?

A

where the sound waves are converted to the electrical impulses and conveyed to the brain
-also involved in balance

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4
Q

What are the components of the external ear?

A
  • auricle

- external acoustic meatus

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5
Q

What is the auricle made of?

A

cartilaginous core covered in think skin

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6
Q

What does it do?

A

has some contours that aid in collecting the sound and transfer it to the external acoustics meatus

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7
Q

What is the lobule?

A
  • is the inferior part of the auricle

- made of cartilage which is replaced by connective tissue

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8
Q

Where is the external acoustic meatus?

A

connects the auricle to the tympanic membrane

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9
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus made of?

A
  • lateral 1/3 is cartilaginous

- medial 2/3 is bony

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10
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A
  • glands that are located on the skin of the external acoustic meatus
  • modified sweat glands
  • secrete cerumen
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11
Q

What does cerumen do?

A

slows the growth of microorganisms in the external acoustic meatus and reduces the risk of infection

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12
Q

Where is the middle ear located?

A

in the petrous part of the temporal bone

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13
Q

What are the components of the middle ear?

A
  • three ossicles (bones)

- lined with mucus membrane that is continuous with the nasopharynx

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14
Q

What are the three ossicles?

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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15
Q

What doe the ossicles do?

A

-amplify and convey the sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

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16
Q

How are the ossicles held?

A

by synovial joints

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17
Q

What do the small skeletal muscles do? What are their names?

A
  • tensor tympani
  • stapedius
  • to dampen sound
18
Q

What are the walls of the tympanic cavity and what their distinct features?

A
  • lateral wall: carries the tympanic membrane separating the middle and external ears
  • medial wall: thin boney plate; separates the tympanic cavity from the inner ear and carries two openings
  • anterior wall: connected to the nasopharynx via the auditory tube
  • superior wall: separates the tympanic cavity from the middle cranial fossa
19
Q

What are the two openings of the medial wall?

A
  • fenestra vestibuli (oval window): covered by stapes

- fenestra cochlea (round window): covered by membrane

20
Q

Where is the inner ear located?

A
  • petrous part of the temporal bone

- includes the osseous and membranous divisions

21
Q

What does the inner ear contain?

A
  • perilymph
  • bony labyrinth
  • semicircular canals
  • choclea
  • membranous labyrinth
22
Q

What is perilymph? What does it do?

A
  • CSF like fluid

- surrounds the enclosed membranous labyrinth

23
Q

What is the bony labyrinth?

A

-series of boney cavities divided into semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea

24
Q

What are semicircular canals?

A

three tubes that open into the vestibule

25
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

connected to the middle ear via the ovale window and choclea

26
Q

What is the choclea?

A

shell shaped part of the bony labyrinth

27
Q

What the two components of the lumen of the choclea?

A
  • scala vestibuli: upper section ends at fenestra vestibule

- scala tympani: lower section ends at fenestra cochlea

28
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth?

A
  • a series of membranous sacs and ducts

- filled with endolymph and is surrounded by perilymph

29
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth located?

A

in the bony labyrinth

30
Q

What is part of the membranous labyrinth?

A
  • membranous semicircular ducts
  • utricle
  • saccule
  • cochlear duct
31
Q

Where is the membranous semicircular ducts located?

A
  • within the bony semicircular canal

- open to the utricle

32
Q

Where is the crista?

A

in the ampula

33
Q

What does the crista do?

A

carries the equilibrium receptors

34
Q

What is the ampula

A

dilated part of the membranous semicircular ducts

35
Q

Where are the utricle and saccule?

A

inside the vestibule and connected to each other by a duct

36
Q

What is connected to the cochlear duct?

A

saccule

37
Q

What is the macula?

A

the elevation in the saccule and saccule that carries the equilibrium receptors

38
Q

Where are the vestibular nerves located?

A

from the crista and macula

39
Q

What does the cochlear duct carry?

A

the organ of hearing (organ of corti)

40
Q

What does the organ of corti give rise to?

A

-cochlear nerve

CAPS 391 (4 decks)

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