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FCPS > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is the use of telescope lens?

A

for chromatic aberration correction

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2
Q

What is biometry?

A

calculation of IOL power

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3
Q
  1. Why is retinoscopy is done?
  2. when does it have no informative value?
  3. retinoscopy streak neutralisation means?
A
  1. for checking refractive power of the eye
  2. in patient of sudden visual loss
  3. that refraction is done in that meridan
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4
Q

Purpose of keratometer?

A

calculate power of front of cornea

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5
Q

What is measured by synaptophore?

A

Binocularity, retinal correspondence, angle of deviation, degree and range of fusion

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6
Q

In old age why does near vision decreases?

A

due to decrease curvature of lens

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7
Q

Anterior staphyloma is not?

A

myopic retinal change

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8
Q

cyclosporin MOA?

A

inhibit T-cell differentiation

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9
Q

Atropine action on eye?

A

paralysis of sphincter pupillae

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10
Q

MOA of local anaesthetics

A

bind to Na channels in ionised form or close Na channels

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11
Q

What is the primary determinant of local anaesthetic activity?

A

protein binding affinity and lipid solubility

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12
Q

Latanoprost MOA?

A

increase uveoscleral outflow and decrease aqueous production by 30%

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13
Q

MOA of atropine

A

competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetyl choline/ anti cholinergic

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14
Q

epinephrine avoided in patient taking?

A

amitriptyline

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15
Q

Drug that inhibit DNA gyrase and cell proliferation?

A

quinolone

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16
Q

What increases sensitivity to tetracaine and depolarising paralytic agents?

A

tetracaine

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17
Q

Drug causing lid retraction?

A

apraclonidine

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18
Q

Drug causing follicular conjunctivitis?

A

Brimonidine

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19
Q

Drug used to treat diabetic macular edema

A

Ranibizumab

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20
Q

Drug that cause parasympathetic blockade will cause?

A

dry mouth and mydriasis

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21
Q

When does sudden painless visual loss with no fundal glow occurs?

A

vitreous hemorrhage

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22
Q

When does sudden painless visual loss in young patient with no systemic problem occurs?

A

Eales disease

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23
Q

When does sudden painless visual loss in 25weeks pregnant lady occurs?

A

exudative retinal detachment

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24
Q

What is the first effect of HTN intraocularly?

A

Arteriosclerosis

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25
Q

Nuclear cataract conditions?

A

Rubella and smoking

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26
Q

Cortical cataract condition?

A

UV light and diabetes

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27
Q

Loss of contrast sensitivity is also a symptom of?

A

cataract

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28
Q

Posterior subcapsular cataract conditions?

A

Steroids and diabetes

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29
Q

Young boy having severe asthma treated by inhaled steroid might be at risk of developing?

A

Cushing syndrome

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30
Q

iridodonesis occurs due to?

A

Lens sublaxation

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31
Q

Xeroderma pigmentosa is caused because of? symptom?

A

caused = damage to DNA repair gene
symptom = corneal opacity

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32
Q

What is Potter syndrome?

A

ocular anomalies + corneal defect + lens prolapse

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33
Q

When do vossius rings form?

A

anterior lens after trauma

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34
Q

What is LEAST likely to influence the result of therapy?

A

Polarity of laser

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35
Q

Posterior staphyloma seen in?

A

dengerative myopia

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36
Q

Earliest visual field defect in POAG is?

A

isolated paracentral nasal scotoma

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37
Q

Damage to optic nerve head is in?

A

Chronic simple glaucoma

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38
Q

Superior and inferior polar cup notching is the specific sign of?

A

Glaucomatous change

39
Q

Anterior chamber volume is greatest in?

A

congenital glaucoma

40
Q

Buphthalmos is a sign of?

A

congential glaucoma

41
Q

Hypermetropia is not a risk factor for?

A

POAG

42
Q

Vogt’s triad seen in post attack of?

A

angle closure glaucoma

43
Q

phacolytic glaucoma patient presents with?

A

raised IOP, deep anterior chamber, cells and flare, hypermature cataract and diabetes

44
Q

Pigment dispersion in anterior chamber can lead to?

A

open angle glaucoma

45
Q

Neovascular glaucoma is not a cause of?

A

sudden painless vision loss

46
Q

In congenital glaucoma horizontal lines (Habb striae) are present on cornea due to?

A

disruption of decement membrane

47
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum - caused by? baby presents with?

A

Maternal vaginal gonococcus

pus discharge

48
Q

Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by?

A

Maternal vaginal chlamydia

49
Q

What is the most common cause of viral corneal ulcer?

A

HSV-1

50
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa which drug causes it?

A

Thioridazine

51
Q

In iridocyclitis ‘water logging’ causes

A

increased water in iris stroma and release of prostaglandins cause miosis

52
Q

Nanaophthalmia does not present as?

A

cystic palperbral bulge

53
Q

In albinism there is? 3 things

A

photophobia, strabismus and nystagmus

54
Q

Eye findings in turner syndrome are?

A

ptosis, blue sclera and dyschromatopsia

55
Q

findings in Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)?

A

intraocular cartilage, ciliary body colobomas, small eyes, iris and ciliary body deformities, renal dysplasia and vasculature in vitreous

56
Q

Persistant hyperplastic vitreous is

A

sporadic

57
Q

CRAO likely cause is?

A

arteriosclerosis

58
Q

What slows down the progress of diabetic retinopathy?

A

ipsilateral glaucoma and chorioretinal scarring

59
Q

If a person has difficulty in looking down lesion is in?

A

midbrain

60
Q

Band keratopathy means?

A

calcium deposits between cornea and bowman membrane

61
Q

A pt can’t see laterally with his left eye and don’t feel sensations in the lower right body the lesion will be in?

A

internal capsule

62
Q

Lesion of PICA=?

A

nystagmus, hemianopia, horner and loss of temperature sensation on face

63
Q

Painful peripheral corneal ulceration of unknown ethology is called? treatment by?

A

mooren ulcer treated by steroids

64
Q

White pupillary reflex (leukocoria) in an infant diagnosed with PHPV is because of?

A

hyperplastic pupillary membrane

65
Q

When are rods and cones visible?

A

end of first trimester

66
Q

When does corneal nerves appear?

A

5th month of gestation

67
Q

when does the pupillary membrane disappears?

A

8th month of gestation

68
Q

When does the frontal sinus form?

A

after birth

69
Q

How long does the optic nerve take to me completely myelinated?

A

until 3 months after birth

70
Q

Where are the sphincter and dilator pupillary muscles derived from?

A

ectoderm of optic cup

71
Q

What is the afferent and efferent of corneal reflex?

A

ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal is afferent and facial nerve is efferent

72
Q

What type of epithelium of cornea?

A

st. squamous non-keratinised

73
Q

What is the corneal basement membrane attached to?

A

bowman layer

74
Q

What anatomical limbus and what is surgical limbus?

A

Anatomical limbus is schwalbe’s line and surgical limbus is beginning of bluish area marking the transition between cornea and sclera

75
Q

Canal of Schlemm/sinus venosus sclera location?

A

posterior to limbus and anterior to scleral spur

76
Q

Where does the lacrimal nerve arises from? what are its components?

A

arises from origin of lateral rectus and includes sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic components

77
Q

what is the longest portion of optic nerve and its length?

A

intraorbital portion and length 25mm

78
Q

where is the nucleus of oculomotor nerve?

A

midbrain

79
Q

What is the blood supply of intracranial, intraorbital and intracanicular portion of optic nerve?

A

ophthalmic artery

80
Q

What does lesion of Edinger Westphal nucleus cause?

A

absent light reflex and absent accomodation

81
Q

Sympathetic supply to dilator pupillae?

A

long ciliary nerve

82
Q

In cranium, what is the relation of optic nerve to internal carotid artery and anterior cerebral artery?

A

medial to internal carotid artery and inferior to anterior cerebral artery

83
Q

Where do the infraorbital nerve and nerve from pterygopalantine ganglion run through?

A

inferior orbital fissure

84
Q

In cavernous sinus, where do the trochlear nerve lie in respect to oculomotor and ophthalmic nerve?

A

Lies between oculomotor nerve above and ophthalmic nerve below.

85
Q

HTN with blurred vision, improves on tilting to left side and right eye moves upward and inward, lesion?

A

right superior oblique

86
Q

Bilateral peripheral vision loss after trauma to which vessel?

A

PCA

87
Q

Where does PCA pass from in respect to oculomotor nerve?

A

PCA passes above oculomotor nerve and joins PCA to ICA

88
Q

Afferent and efferent of light reflex?

A

afferent is optic nerve and efferent is oculomotor nerve

89
Q

Trigeminal ganglion is like?

A

posterior root ganglion of spinal cord

90
Q

Where is maxillary nerve?

A

pterygoid fossa

91
Q

Central retinal artery lies? where does it emerge from?

A

lies within optic nerve and emerges from optic disc within optic nerve

92
Q

Patient can easily see far objects and can move eye in all directions but cannot focus at near objects, this is due to?

A

dysfunction of short ciliary nerve and ciliary ganglion

93
Q

Posterior part of posterior limb of internal capsule/ retrolental part of internal capsule related to?

A

optic radiation

94
Q
A

FCPS (7 decks)

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