eye

Question 1

eye findings requiring immediate attention

Answer 1

orbital and periorbital cellulitis

retinal detachment

Question 2

cataracts

Answer 2

cloudy changes to the lens of the eye caused by protein buildup

Question 3

glaucoma

Answer 3

optic neuropathy usually characterized by unequal or elevated IOP from inssufficient drainage or excessive production of aqueous humor

Question 4

macular degeneration

Answer 4

age-related degenerative disease of the macula that results in the loss of central vision

Question 5

optic neuritis and retrobulbar neuritis

Answer 5

inflammatory condtion of the optic nerve characterized by a sudden onset of unilateral vision loss

Question 6

orbital and periorbital cellulitis

Answer 6

infection of the tissue in the orbit or anterior portion of the eyelid

REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION

Question 7

pingueculum and pterygium

Answer 7

benign growths of the conjunctiva

Question 8

retinal tears, floaters, retinal detachment

Answer 8

caused by age related-changes in the vitreous humor, posterior vitreous detachment, and retinal tear

RETINAL DETACHMENT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION

Question 9

retinopathy

Answer 9

damage to the retina causes visual impairment

Question 10

eye components

Answer 10

neurologic - retina, optic nerve
vascular - central retina arteries & veins
optical - cornea, lens

Question 11

how to assess pupillary light reflex

Answer 11

direct light, watch for constriction

Question 12

how to assess accomodation and convergence

Answer 12

accomodation -look close then far away - do pupils change size?

convergence - eyes inward when pen light on nose

Question 13

how to assess visual fields

Answer 13

6 fields with numbers

Question 14

what does the fundoscopic exam assess

Answer 14

macula
optic nerve
eye vasculature

Question 15

fundoscopic exam

Answer 15

make sure light works
ask pt to focus on something across the room
look for red reflex

use same eye as the eye you are assessing (their right use your right)

look for optic disc , retinal vein, retinal artery

Question 16

fundoscopic abnormal findings

Answer 16

dilated vessels, knicking of vessels, white floaters

Question 17

peds eye considerations

Answer 17

red reflex - should be bilateral
visual acuity at age 4-5
cover/uncover test for strabismus
eye alignment

Question 18

pregnancy eye considerations

Answer 18

decreased corneal sensitivity
changes in corneal curvature
preeclampsia - blurred vision

difficulty wearing contacts

Question 19

older adult eye considerations

Answer 19

changes in corneal curvature
hardening of the lens
liquefaction of vitreous humor
decline in vision
increased susceptibility to eye disease

Question 20

conjunctivitis

Answer 20

hyeremic reaction of conjunctiva due to inflammation or infectious process

viral, bacterial, neonatal, allergic, fungal, irritant

Question 21

corneal abrasion

Answer 21

defect in the epithelial surface of the cornea caused by a mechanical trauma

Question 22

strabismus

Answer 22

misalignment of the eyes d/t imbalance of EOM function

asymmetric corneal light reflex

Question 23

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 23

demarcated areas of ruptured blood vessels beneath the surface of the eye