eye Flashcards

1
Q

eye findings requiring immediate attention

A

orbital and periorbital cellulitis

retinal detachment

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2
Q

cataracts

A

cloudy changes to the lens of the eye caused by protein buildup

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3
Q

glaucoma

A

optic neuropathy usually characterized by unequal or elevated IOP from inssufficient drainage or excessive production of aqueous humor

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4
Q

macular degeneration

A

age-related degenerative disease of the macula that results in the loss of central vision

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5
Q

optic neuritis and retrobulbar neuritis

A

inflammatory condtion of the optic nerve characterized by a sudden onset of unilateral vision loss

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6
Q

orbital and periorbital cellulitis

A

infection of the tissue in the orbit or anterior portion of the eyelid

REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION

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7
Q

pingueculum and pterygium

A

benign growths of the conjunctiva

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8
Q

retinal tears, floaters, retinal detachment

A

caused by age related-changes in the vitreous humor, posterior vitreous detachment, and retinal tear

RETINAL DETACHMENT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION

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9
Q

retinopathy

A

damage to the retina causes visual impairment

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10
Q

eye components

A

neurologic - retina, optic nerve
vascular - central retina arteries & veins
optical - cornea, lens

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11
Q

how to assess pupillary light reflex

A

direct light, watch for constriction

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12
Q

how to assess accomodation and convergence

A

accomodation -look close then far away - do pupils change size?

convergence - eyes inward when pen light on nose

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13
Q

how to assess visual fields

A

6 fields with numbers

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14
Q

what does the fundoscopic exam assess

A

macula
optic nerve
eye vasculature

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15
Q

fundoscopic exam

A

make sure light works
ask pt to focus on something across the room
look for red reflex

use same eye as the eye you are assessing (their right use your right)

look for optic disc , retinal vein, retinal artery

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16
Q

fundoscopic abnormal findings

A

dilated vessels, knicking of vessels, white floaters

17
Q

peds eye considerations

A

red reflex - should be bilateral
visual acuity at age 4-5
cover/uncover test for strabismus
eye alignment

18
Q

pregnancy eye considerations

A

decreased corneal sensitivity
changes in corneal curvature
preeclampsia - blurred vision

difficulty wearing contacts

19
Q

older adult eye considerations

A

changes in corneal curvature
hardening of the lens
liquefaction of vitreous humor
decline in vision
increased susceptibility to eye disease

20
Q

conjunctivitis

A

hyeremic reaction of conjunctiva due to inflammation or infectious process

viral, bacterial, neonatal, allergic, fungal, irritant

21
Q

corneal abrasion

A

defect in the epithelial surface of the cornea caused by a mechanical trauma

22
Q

strabismus

A

misalignment of the eyes d/t imbalance of EOM function

asymmetric corneal light reflex

23
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

demarcated areas of ruptured blood vessels beneath the surface of the eye