eye Flashcards
eye findings requiring immediate attention
orbital and periorbital cellulitis
retinal detachment
cataracts
cloudy changes to the lens of the eye caused by protein buildup
glaucoma
optic neuropathy usually characterized by unequal or elevated IOP from inssufficient drainage or excessive production of aqueous humor
macular degeneration
age-related degenerative disease of the macula that results in the loss of central vision
optic neuritis and retrobulbar neuritis
inflammatory condtion of the optic nerve characterized by a sudden onset of unilateral vision loss
orbital and periorbital cellulitis
infection of the tissue in the orbit or anterior portion of the eyelid
REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION
pingueculum and pterygium
benign growths of the conjunctiva
retinal tears, floaters, retinal detachment
caused by age related-changes in the vitreous humor, posterior vitreous detachment, and retinal tear
RETINAL DETACHMENT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION
retinopathy
damage to the retina causes visual impairment
eye components
neurologic - retina, optic nerve
vascular - central retina arteries & veins
optical - cornea, lens
how to assess pupillary light reflex
direct light, watch for constriction
how to assess accomodation and convergence
accomodation -look close then far away - do pupils change size?
convergence - eyes inward when pen light on nose
how to assess visual fields
6 fields with numbers
what does the fundoscopic exam assess
macula
optic nerve
eye vasculature
fundoscopic exam
make sure light works
ask pt to focus on something across the room
look for red reflex
use same eye as the eye you are assessing (their right use your right)
look for optic disc , retinal vein, retinal artery
fundoscopic abnormal findings
dilated vessels, knicking of vessels, white floaters
peds eye considerations
red reflex - should be bilateral
visual acuity at age 4-5
cover/uncover test for strabismus
eye alignment
pregnancy eye considerations
decreased corneal sensitivity
changes in corneal curvature
preeclampsia - blurred vision
difficulty wearing contacts
older adult eye considerations
changes in corneal curvature
hardening of the lens
liquefaction of vitreous humor
decline in vision
increased susceptibility to eye disease
conjunctivitis
hyeremic reaction of conjunctiva due to inflammation or infectious process
viral, bacterial, neonatal, allergic, fungal, irritant
corneal abrasion
defect in the epithelial surface of the cornea caused by a mechanical trauma
strabismus
misalignment of the eyes d/t imbalance of EOM function
asymmetric corneal light reflex
subconjunctival hemorrhage
demarcated areas of ruptured blood vessels beneath the surface of the eye
