Extrinsic Ankle/Foot Flashcards
Gastrocnemius
O: Medial Epicondyle of femur, Lateral epicondyle of femur
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal (achillies Tendon)
A: NWB-Plantar flexion, Knee Flexion; WB-Deceleration of internal rotation of lower limb, Helps decelerate pronation, plantar flexion during push-off
Inn: Tibial nerve (S1-2)
BS: Branches from the posterior tibial artery and popliteal artery
Soleus
O: Upper fibula; soleal line of tibia
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: NWB-Plantar flexion; WB-Decelerates the forward momentum of the tibia when the foot is on the ground
Inn: Tibial nerve (S1-2)
BS: Popliteal and posterior tibial artery
Plantaris
O: Above lateral head of gastrocnemius on femur
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: Very weak flexor; NWB-Weak plantar flexion; WB-Weak control of dorsiflexion
Inn: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
BS: Popliteal artery
Tibialis Posterior
O: Proximal posterior tibia; Interosseous membrane; fibula
I: Navicular, cuneiform, cuboid bones and bases of 2nd to 4th MT
A: NWB-Inversion, plantar flexion (medial malleolus serves as pulley); WB-Decelerates subtalar joint pronation, strong stabilizer of the mid tarsal joint in the direction of supination
Inn: Tibial Nerve (L5-S1)
BS: Anterior & posterior tibial artery
Flexor Digitorum Longus
O: Lower 2/3 of tibia
I: Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes
A: NWB-Plantar flexion and inversion, flexes toes 2-5, supports longitudinal arch; WB-Controls dorsiflexion, eversion, and extension of toes
Inn: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)
BS: Posterior tibial artery
Flexor Hallucis Longus
O: Inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula I: Base of distal phalanx of 1st toe A: NWB-Flexes 1st toe, weak plantar flexion; WB-Controls extension of st toe, dorsiflexion Inn: Tibial nerve (L5-S2) BS: Posterior tibial artery
Tibialis Anterior
O: Lateral tibia; proximal lateral surface of tibia; interosseous membrane
I: Medial cuniform; first metatarsal
A: NWB-inversion, dorsiflexion; WB-eccentrically controls plantar flexion at heel strike, helps control pronation at forefoot
Inn: Deep perineal nerve (L4-S1)
BS: Anterior tibial artery
Extensor Digitorum Longus
O: Lateral tibial condyle; fibula I: Dorsal surface of phalanges 2-5 A: NWB-extension of toes 2-5, dorsiflexion; WB-Controls flexion of toes, plantar flexion, and inversion Inn: Deep perineal nerve (L4-S2) BS: Anterior tibial artery
Extensor Hallucis Longus
O: Medial aspect of the fibula; interosseous membrane
I: Distal phalanx of 1st toe
A: NWB-Extends 1st toe, dorsiflexion, inversion; WB-controls flexion of 1st toe, plantar flexion, and eversion
Inn: Deep perineal nerve (L4-S1)
BS: Anterior tibial artery
Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior fibula; interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal surface of base of 5th MT
A: NWB-Dorsiflexion, eversion; WB-Controls plantar flexion and eversion
Inn: Deep perineal nerve (L4-S1)
BS: Anterior tibial artery
Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus
O: Upper lateral fibula I: Medial cuneiform; base of 1st MT A: NWB-Eversion and abduction, weak plantar flexion; WB--Stabilizes base of first ray, controls inversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion Inn: Superficial peroneal nerve (L4-S1) BS: Posterior tibial artery
Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis
O: Lower lateral 2/3 of fibula I: 5th MT A: NWB-eversion and abduction, weak plantar flexion; WB-Stabilizes 5th Ray, controls inversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion Inn: Superficial peroneal nerve (L4-S1) BS: Posterior tibial artery
