Extremities Part 1 (Skeletal Features, articulations) Flashcards
the extremities - skeletal features and joints
What part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum?
Head
What depression in the proximal portion of the femur accommodates the attachment of a ligament?
Fovea capitis femoris
What is the constricted, proximal portion of the femur?
Neck
What is the long central portion of the femur?
Shaft (diaphysis)
What is the proximolateral projection of the femur palpable on the lateral side of the hip?
Greater trochanter
What is the femoral projection on the proximal posteromedial surface?
Lesser trochanter
What is the thick, oblique ridge of bone on the proximal, posterior side of the femur between the trochanters?
Intertrochanteric crest
What feature runs between the trochanters anteriorly?
Intertrochanteric line
Onto what feature of the femur does the pectineus insert? This feature lies between the lesser trochanter and the linea aspera.
Pectineal line
Onto what feature of the femur does the gluteus maximus insert?
Gluteal tuberosity
What is the elevated ridge on the posterior midline of the femur?
Linea aspera
What features of the femur border the popliteal surface medially and laterally?
Medial and lateral supracondylar lines
What feature of the femur is the site of attachment for the adductor magnus?
Adductor tubercle
What parts of the femur articulate with the tibia?
Medial and lateral condyles
What prominent bony structures lie on the medial and lateral sides of the femur distally?
Medial and lateral epicondyles
What part of the femur articulates with the patella?
Patellar surface
What is the broad, superior portion of the patella?
Base
What part of the patella points inferiorly?
Apex
From lateral to medial list the two bones of the leg.
Fibula and tibia
What parts of the tibia articulate with the femur?
Medial and lateral condyles
What ridge of bone lies on the midline of the tibia’s superior surface?
Intercondylar eminence
What part of the tibia articulates with the fibula?
Fibular articular surface (facet)
Onto what feature of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?
Tibial tuberosity
What ridge of bone lies on the anterior of the tibia’s shaft?
Anterior crest
What is the hammer-like structure of the tibia that forms the prominence on the medial side of the ankle?
Medial malleolus
What feature of the tibia forms the inferior tibiofibular joint?
Fibular Notch
What feature on the posterior aspect of the tibia runs distally from lateral to medial and is part of the origin for the soleus muscle?
The soleal line
What is the proximal end of the fibula?
Head
What is the distal end of the fibula?
Lateral malleolus
What is the collective term for the short bones of the ankle?
Tarsals
Which of the tarsals articulates with the tibia?
Talus
Which of the tarsals forms the proximal row?
Talus
Calcaneus
What is the heel bone?
Calcaneus
Which of the tarsal bone is considered the intermediate bone?
Navicular
Which of the tarsals is distal to the talus on the medial side of the foot?
Navicular
From medial to lateral list the tarsals of the distal row.
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
Cuboid
What are the long bones in the middle of the foot?
Metatarsal bones
What are the bones of the toes?
Phalanges
What are two bones in the great toe?
Proximal and distal phalanges
What are the three bones in digits 2-5 of the foot?
Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges
What is the bump on the 5th metatarsal bone?
Tuberosity of the 5th Metatarsal bone
List the three arches of the foot
Media longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
Which arch of the foot is formed by the calcaneus, talus, navicular, and cuneiform bones?
Medial arch
Which arch of the foot is formed by the calcaneus and the cuboid and metatarsals IV and V?
Lateral longitudinal arch
Which arch of the foot is formed by the distal row of the tarsals and bases of all five metatarsals?
Transverse arch
What ligament originates along the acetabulum and attaches to the fovea capitis femoris?
Ligamentum teres
-ligament of the head of the femur
-ligamentum capitis femoris
What two articulations make up the knee?
Tibiofemoral joint
Patellofemoral joint
What structure joins the quadriceps femoris to the patella?
Quadriceps tendon
What structure joints the patella to the tibia?
Patellar ligament
What ligament connects the femur and the fibula and prevents hyperadduction?
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
What ligament connects the femur and the tibia and prevents hyperabduction?
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
What two C-shaped pads of fibrocartilage lie between the femoral and tibia condyles?
Medial meniscus
Lateral meniscus
Which of the menisci within the knee is attached to a collateral ligament?
Medial meniscus
What two ligaments within the knee cross to form a “X” or cross?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Which of the cruciate ligaments tightens on extension to prevent hyperextension?
Anterior cruciate ligament
Which of the cruciate ligaments tightens on flexion to prevent hyperflexion?
Posterior cruciate ligament
Close-packed position:
This term can apply to any joint that is placed in a position where the bones are in maximal contact with each other
PS. You don’t want to sustain a traumatic impact in this position.
Q angle:
-more common in women because they have a wider Q angle
-smaller Q angle generates more force
What three bones are involved in the ankle joint?
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
What ligament binds the tibia to the foot on the medial side and prevents overeversion?
Deltoid ligament
What ligaments bind the fibula to the foot and prevent inversion?
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
What group of joints within the foot allows inversion and eversion?
Intertarsal joints
What joints within the foot lie between the tarsals and metatarsals?
Tarsometatarsal joints
