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Question 1

slef-esteem single vs realtionships.. timely begginers start low self estemm but increase to highest, early begginers highest throughout , late begginers lowest

Answer 1

• Neyer and Lenhart 2007

Question 2

investigated 59 genes, reward dependence most strongly related to norepinephrine- less uspoort between serotoin and harm avoidance and dopamine and novelty seeking (how likely is a guy likely to cum? Reward your bf with sex)

Answer 2

• Comings et al 2000:

Question 3

• Bernhardt et al 1998

Answer 3

world cup soccer: brazlian won on penalties extra time. Salivaery testosterone of both teams fairly similar before start , if losse testosterone drops if win testosterone increases (if you burn your hardness burns too

Question 4

45 ets of MZ reared apart and 26 DZ reared apart. Average twin correlation .54. highest correlation was with imagination lowes t on social closeness

Answer 4

• Miinoseta twin stidy

Question 5

religousity in adulthood. DZ twins: .60 in adolescence and .40 in 30s, MZ twins .70 adolescence and .60 in 30s (koeing over God)

Answer 5

• Koeing et al 2005

Question 6

heritability of smoking initation is .44•

Answer 6

Vink etg al2005

Question 7

stronger similarity in observations reports than self and observer reports. DZ twis more than 50% similar so evidence for common environment, support for contrast effects

Answer 7

• Borkenau et al 2001

Question 8

similarity of MZ twins believed to be DZ is greater than DZ believed to be Mz. Shows similarity of MZ twins is not due to similar treatment. (treatment discrepanices doesn’t SCAR them)

Answer 8

• Scar et Carter-Saltzman (1979):

Question 9

): size of personality difference is weakly correlated in amount of parental and peer differecnes of treatment. Uniqueness effect .15 (low correlation)

Answer 9

• Loehlin (1997):

Question 10

• Burt, McGue and lacono (2009

Answer 10

the two members of thr pair in delinquent behaviour and differences in deviant friends. More delinquent behaviour aged 14 mre deviant friends aged 17, think bart simpson.
• Adler: first born more insecure, last brns most spoilt (ad le siblings in to the mix and bam)

Question 11

): later born siblings more agreeable/open to experiences and low conscientiousness(new ways to impress parents). Contrast effect asking to compare openness between later and first borns as studies assessing personality traits show virtually no differences

Answer 11

• Sulloway (1996):

Question 12

stressful life events predicted drepression in individuals with S allele of 5-HTT but not l, childhood maltreatment predicted adulthood depression among s allele carriers of 5-HTTLPR

Answer 12

• Caspi et al 2003

Question 13

what predicts martial satisfaction? Happiness of marriage, sexual satisfaction and levels of confluct. Own agreeableness and emotional stability related to martial satisfaction (agreeable and stable precited satisfyaction

Answer 13

• Watson et al 2004

Question 14

: anxious attachment (worry about loss of love) and avoiudant attachment (uncomfortable being emotionally close)

Answer 14

• Bartholomew and horowitz 1991

Question 15

self reports of big five and adult attachment style. Axious attachmet closely related to low stability and low conscientiousness. Avoidant attachment weakly related to low extraversion and low conscientiourness (it is a close shave what personality traits relate to what attachment style

Answer 15

• Noftle and shaver 2006

Question 16

personality of parents at 33 months and parenting style age 36 months. Nurtance was positively related to extraversion and openness to expereicne and reactance was negatively related to thrm

Answer 16

• Metsapelto et al 2003

Question 17

newcomer of friends. Popular, rejected…

Answer 17

• Newcomb et al 1993

Question 18

drug alcohol and nicotine usage age 17 and 20… at 17 with disorder lower in conscientiousness and emotional stability, predicted disorders aged 20 and predicted wuitting smoking and drinking

Answer 18

• Elkins et al 2006

Question 19

: having keen ambitious disposition increases risk of heart attack

Answer 19

• Osler 1910

Question 20

type a personality: competitive, impatient, hostility time urgency. Increased propability of heart disease

Answer 20

• Freidnman and rosenman 1959

Question 21

self control theory of crime. “acts of force or fraud undertaken in pursuit of self-interest” What differentiates criminals from non-criminals? Impulsivity, immediate gratification and pleasure despite negative consequences. Failure to inhibit selfish impulses. Motivational factors are the same for criminals and non-criminals

Answer 21

• Gottfredson et al 1990

Question 22

Overall delinquent behaviour was most strongly related to impulsive risk taking (r > .40) à Willingness to take risks and the tendency not to inhibit one’s impulses influence criminal behavior
à In line with the self-control theory

Answer 22

• Romero et al 2003

Question 23

• Karpman (1948

Answer 23

): primary versus secondary psychopaths
Primary: manipulation, deceit, grandiosity, callousness, and selfishness
“For me, what’s right is whatever I can get away with” “I enjoy manipulating other people’s feelings” “Success is based on survival of the fittest, I am not concerned about the losers”
Secondary: impulsivity, irresponsibility, lack of planning, and poor self-control “I don’t plan anything very far in advance” “I find myself in the same kinds of trouble, time after time”

Question 24

Dark triad

Answer 24

Paulhus & Williams, 2002)

Question 25

• Furr and Funder (1998)

Answer 25

Positively related to life satisfaction: Self-esteem (about .60), Cheerfulness (about .40) , Assertiveness (above .30), Sociability (above .30)
Negatively related to life satisfaction: Depressiveness (about -.50)
Anxiety (about -.30), Anger (about -.30)

Question 26

• Predigers model

Answer 26

recaptulisation of RIASEC. Two bipolar dimensions ideas-data things-people ☹ oversimplified

Question 27

• Larsin et al 2002

Answer 27

: relationship between big 5 and big 6 interests eg extraversion related to entriprsiers most and social the helpers next. Openneness related to artistic most

Question 28

• Campbell et al 1970

Answer 28

Correlation of .70 between interest and self-perceived skills in the same area of work

Question 29

• Trait complex theory:

Answer 29

trying to intergrate abilities personality and interests. Eg perceptual speed, conscientiousness and conventional

Question 30

Degree of stability in people’s vocational interest was fairly high across all age groups, even during adolescence and became even more stable during young adulthood (.55-70)

Answer 30

• Low et al

Question 31

• Kristensen et al (2007):

Answer 31

second born men raised as first born due to death, developed like first born

Question 32

smarter workers are better workeds

Answer 32

• Hinter and huinter 1984

Question 33

• High sexual arousal high commitment:

Answer 33

passionant, romantic, affectionate

Question 34

Low commitment high arousa

Answer 34

obscne vulgar indecent

Question 35

• Bourdage et al

Answer 35

unrestricted sociosexuality is related negatively to honesty-humility, emotionality, agreeables and conscientiousness

Question 36

• Bailey dunne and dunne 2000

Answer 36

hetrosexual 92%, women 7% bi 1% gay men 4% each

Question 37

100 LGB and 2000 hetrosexuals.more likely to go to museam, dance or music concert. 3 times more likely to be professional artists

Answer 37

• Lewis and seaman 2004

Question 38

• Bailey et al 2000:

Answer 38

gender nonconformity. Boys vs girsl typical toys strongly correlarted with sexual identification later in life. Use Kinsey scale

Question 39

bem 1996

Answer 39

exotic becomes erotic: prefer own sex and at puberty strange attraction towards other sex-erotic eg if played with boys younger girls seem more erotic so lesbian