Biologicsl Basis Of Oersonality

Question 1

What are the four main juniors of personality in Ancient Greece (Hippocrates and Galen)

Answer 1

Blood- cheerful- sanguine
Black bile- depsressive -melancholic
Yellow bile- angry- choleric
Phlegm-calm -phlegmatic

Question 2

What did is Ivan Pavlov idea of dogs temperament?

Answer 2

Weak- enciphered- melancholic
Strong unbalanced-irritable/choleric
Strong valence slow-clam/phlegmatic
Strong imbalanced mobile- lively/ sanguine

Question 3

What is cliningers theory

Answer 3

Firing of beyond is thoughts/feelings/behavioubeurotransmitters are communication between neuronsfocus is on neurotransmitters active and CNS

Question 4

What does dopamine do?

Answer 4

Signals reward, pleasure, excitement
Clinging et personality characteristics is related to ones response to pleasure/excitement
High dopamine means high in novelty seeking (impulsiveness, disorderliness, impulsiveness..)

Question 5

What does Parkinson’s do for dopamine?

Answer 5

Extremely inactive, lack of interest for new activities

Cocaine increases dopamine, extremely aroused, more novelty seeking

Question 6

What does serotonin do?

Answer 6

Serotonin inhibits punishment signals, preventing neurons from sending messages
Clinginger says these personality characteristics are related to pain/anxiety
Low levels of serotonin means high in harm avoidance (worry/pessimism, fear of uncertainity, shyness…)
Prozac counteracts this

Question 7

What is norepinephrine?

Answer 7

Inhibits transmission of signals of responding to stimulating that have been associated with reward
Signals conditioned reward
Clonginger: personality associated with pleasure
Low levels of norepinephrine is high in reward dependence. Sentimentality, warm communication, communication
Very inactive is higher likelihood for sentimentality

Question 8

What did comings et al 2000 do?

Answer 8

Investigated genes in personality traits relating to dopamine/ serotonin/ norepinephrine
Reward dependence most related to norepinephrine
Less clear support for unique relations between harm avoidance and serotonin genes

Question 9

What’s grays theory (reinforcement sensitivity theory (rst)

Answer 9

Brain regoins work together:
Behavioural activation system (BAS)
Behavioural inhibition system (BIS)
Fight or flight system (FFS)

Question 10

What’s BAS?

Answer 10

Responsible for reserving signals from the Ns indicating rewards are experienced
Go-system: encourages rewards and nature of them
Stronger system more impulsive, seek pleasure…

Question 11

What is the BIS

Answer 11

From the NS which indicates punishments
Stop-system: encourage avoidance of punishments,
Stronger system is stronger avoidance

Question 12

FFS SYSTEM?

Answer 12

Response to threatening situations
Stronger system more ready to flight in Emergancy, more aggressive
Reward dependence negatively linked to FFS

Question 13

What is ARAS

Answer 13

Ascending recut lad activating system, individual differences in extraveraion governed by this
It’s located in the brain stem
NS stimulated from environment
If lots of stimulation more introverted

Question 14

What is neuroticism?

Answer 14

Neurotic worry more, anxious, moody, depressed… stable feel less stress
Differences governed in lymbic system (regulates stress)

Question 15

What are differences in psychotcism?

Answer 15

They are agresive, cold, egocentric… also linked with criminal behaviour. Associated with higher levels if neuroticism, higher levels of testosterone, low levels of MAO(mono-amine oxidase)

Question 16

What is the lemon juice test?

Answer 16

Eyesneck and eyesneck 1967

The stimulation produced by the lemon juice is perceived more by introverts- produce more saliva

Question 17

What did green 1984?

Answer 17

Extra sets/introverts in three conditions (choose noise, quiet/loud) looked at arousal levels
Mean settings of intensity were 37 for introverts and 54 for extraverts
When not in right noise condition have elevated heart rates… introverts are aroused more in same conditions

Question 18

Testosterone

Answer 18

Responsible for male charactersitxs, secondary sex characteristics, ten times higher in men
Also influenced by events /situations e.g. If loosing at basketball game
Lower than average levels more friendly/responsible, academic…

Question 19

What did dabbs and colleagues

Answer 19

Studies of prisoners inmates
Higher testosterone levels are associated with crimes/violence/sexual violence less tedtosterone drug offences, theft…
Higher levels also break more prison rules

Question 20

What is cortisol?

Answer 20

Hormone released by adrenal cortex, release by stress prepare for action, increase boood pressure…

Question 21

What did loney et al 2006 do?

Answer 21

High/low levels of callous unemotional traits.

Among boys higher levels of callous unemotional trajts were associated with low cortisol levels

Question 22

Rosenblitt et al 2001?

Answer 22

No assoications among women. High sensation seeking men had significantly lower cortisol levels (boredom, fishibition, experience seeking…)

Question 23

What is oxytocyn?

Answer 23

Produced in the hypothalamus and released by pituitary gland
It is released when giving birth, breast feeding… men have oxytocin facilitates a mans emotional attachment with partner…
More oxytocin more trust do plays a role in cooperative relationships and attachment

Question 24

zuckerman

Answer 24

Unlike Eysenck’s ideas, Zuckerman suggested that each personality dimension is influenced by complex interactions between several brain structures, neurotransmitters, and hormones, rather than by a single brain structure, neurotransmitter, or hormone

Question 25

Zak Kurban and Matzner (2005):

Answer 25

students play trust game involving money, students with high levels of oxytocin trusted others more to divide the money. More trustworthy students had higher levels of oxytocin