Classifying Traits

Question 1

What is the fundamental lexical hypothesis?

Answer 1

Most important individual differences come in in single terms of all the words languages

Question 2

What did allport and divert 1936 find?

Answer 2

18000 words in English, approx 4500 to describe traits, 5200 good/bad

Question 3

What did cattell do?

Answer 3

Did first factor analysis of 35 traits, 12 traits found, 4 added later so 16PF

Question 4

What are the factors in cattells 16PF?

Answer 4

Warmth
Intellect
Emotional stability
Aggressiveness
Livliness
Dutifulness
Social assertiveness
Sensitivity
Paranoia
Abstractness
Introversion 
Anxiety 
Open mindedness
Independence
Perfectionism 
Tension

Question 5

What’s exploratory FA?

Answer 5

Data reduction technique; aims to determine number/nature of underlying factors which explain a pattern of correlations between variables . Generates a hypothesis

Question 6

What is Confirmatory FA?

Answer 6

Statistical testing for model testing, testing hypothesis

Question 7

How do you tell the number of factors by factor loadings?

Answer 7

Look at the groups of high factor loadinfs, each groups of traits with high loadings is 1 factor

Question 8

What did eyesneck measure? What was later added?

Answer 8

Two super factors for theory of personality. Extraversion-introversion and neuroticism-stability
Later psychotoism was added.

Question 9

How many traits should be in a factor analysis?

Answer 9

5, for language, nations…

eg Goldberg 1990

Question 10

What is the five factor model?

Answer 10

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraveeaion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 11

Items of neuroticism

Answer 11

Assesses aladjudtmdnt
Prone to psychological distresss, unrealistic ideas, excessive cravings, maladaptive coping respinsesrelax/tense, at ease/nervous, stable, content, emotional

Question 12

Extraversion sampke items

Answer 12

Inreeoersonal interactions, activity level, need for stimulation, capacity for joy
Silent, assertive, adventurous, energetic, timid

Question 13

Openness

Answer 13

Proactive seeking and appreciation of experience, Rowe Latino and exploring the unfamiliar
Imaginative, creative, inquisitive, reflective, sophificated

Question 14

Agreeableness

Answer 14

Look at compassion in thoughts/feelings/actions

Kind, cooperative, selfish, distrustful, stingy

Question 15

Conscientiousness

Answer 15

Look at organisation/perisrance, motivation in goal directed behaviour
Organised, responsible, practical, careless, lazy

Question 16

What did Hewitt and fleet 1991 find?

Answer 16

Three timyoes of perfectionism:
Self oriented: high conscientiousness

Other oriented: v low agreeableness/humidity. Mid n and c

Socially prescribed: very high neuroticism, low humidity

Question 17

What are the facets on NEO-PI-R

Answer 17

Anxiety
Angry hostility
Depression
Self-consciousness
Impulsiveness
Vunerability

Question 18

What big five trait is correlated with self pity?

Answer 18

Neuroticism

Question 19

What was later added to the five factor model?

Answer 19

Honesty humidity

Different meanings in different languages e.g. Loyal, sincere, frank, helpful…

Question 20

What’s in the HEXACO model?

Answer 20

Humility
Emotionality
Extraveeaion
Agreeableness 
Conscientiousness 
Openness