Extras Flashcards
The Limbic System
Forebrain
- Diencephalon
> thalamus
> hypothalamus
- involved in motivation, learning and memory
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
Telencephalon (on Top) is superior
- contains the cerebrum
Diencephalon
- contains the Thalamus and the Hypothalamus (limbic system)
Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
(substantia nigra)
- motor function
- sensory circuits
Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Cerebellum
- respiration and movement
Left vs Right hemispheres
Left
- language and logic
Right
- spatial perception
Lobes of the brain
Frontal
- executive function and motor performance
Temporal
- auditory function
- memory
Parietal
- sensory skills
Occipital
- visual function
Corpus Callosum
bundle of fibres that connects the hemispheres
Areas of the brain involved in sensory processing
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Neurotransmitter-Receptor combination at the synapse between inner hair cells of the ear and the afferent auditory nerve
Glutamate -> AMPA
Visual transduction pathway
- photon stimulates pigment in the rod
- activates Rhodopsin
- binds to Transducin which removes from GDP and binds to GTP
- activated Transducin activates PDE which reduces cGMP
- causing closure of cation channels and less NT release
PDE = phosphodiesterase cGMP = cyclic GMP
Dark current
EEG frequency bands
Delta (0-4Hz)
- large delta amplitude is associated with sleep
- found in frontal areas
Theta (4-8Hz)
- linked to maximal alertness and altered states of consciousness, such as meditation
- found widespread in the brain
Alpha (8-13Hz)
- mental effort is associated with decreased alpha amplitudes, increased alpha is associated with relaxation
- posterior regions such as the parietal and occipital cortices
Beta (13-30Hz)
- beta waves are reduced by motor movement
- most present in the frontal locations
Gamma (30+ Hz)
- gamma waves are linked to cognition
- found across the somatosensory cortex
Techniques that can examine the structure of the brain
- Cresyl violet staining
- Retrograde tracing
- Anterograde tracing
- Immunohistochemistry
Paying attention to a part of the body
- activates left and right parietal cortices
Visuo-Spatial neglect
- when drawing items from memory, they are complete
Hippocampus
- encoding in LTM