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Chemistry IGCSE > Extraction of Metals > Flashcards

Extraction of Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Ore of zinc?

A

Zinc Blende (ZnS)

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2
Q

Ore of aluminium

A

Bauxite (Al2O3)

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3
Q

Ore of iron

A

Hematite (Fe2O3

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4
Q

Raw materials of a blast furnace:

A
  • haematite
  • coke
  • limestone (CaCO3)
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5
Q

Why is coke used in a blast furnace?

A

To produce CO to reduce the iron ore

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6
Q

Describe the process in a blast furnace

A
  1. Coke burns in the hot air to produce CO2
  2. CO2 is reduced to CO
  3. CO reduces haematite to iron
  4. Limestone undergoes thermal decomposition, producing CaO and CO2
  5. CaO combined with SiO2 (sand) to form CaSiO3 (calcium silicate)
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7
Q

Describe the extraction process of zinc

A
  1. Zinc blende is heated strongly in the presence of oxygen to convert zinc sulphide to zinc oxide
  2. Zinc oxide is reduced with carbon
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8
Q

Common forms of metal found naturally?

A

Metal carbonates/sulphides/oxides

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9
Q

What does the anode typically produce?

A

Nonmetals, or oxygen

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10
Q

What does the cathode typically produce?

A

Metals, or hydrogen

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11
Q

What happens during electrolysis?

A
  1. A direct current passes through the electrolyte

2. Electrical energy is changed to chemical energy

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12
Q

[cathode] ease of discharge chart

A 
Fluorine
Sulphate
Nitrate
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Hydroxide
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13
Q

Common inert electrodes:

A
  • carbon

- platinum

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14
Q

Common active electrodes:

A

Copper, silver

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15
Q

How are results different with concentrated electrolytes?

A

Concentrated ions tend to crowd out other ions, and so obtain preference for discharge.

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16
Q

Anions that will never be discharged in electrolysis

A

Fluorine, sulphate, nitrate, carbonate

17
Q

Cations that will never be discharged in electrolysis

A

Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium

18
Q

Why use electroplating:

A
  • improves appearance of a metal

- prevents corrosion of metal

19
Q

What is an electrochemical cell?

A

A device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy. It consists of electrodes (2 different metals) and an electrolyte solution.

20
Q

How is the anode/cathode determined when electrodes are made of 2 different metals?

A

The more reactive metal becomes the anode by losing electrons.

28
Q

Define electrolysis:

A

Breaking down substances using electricity

Chemistry IGCSE (18 decks)

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