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Cell Bio I > Extracellular matrix > Flashcards

Extracellular matrix Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the basic elements of the ECM?

A

1) Ground substance
2) Fibers
3) Granulation tissue

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the ground substance?

A

1) Amorphous intercellular material
2) Hydrated
3) Fills space between cells and fibers
4) Viscous
5) Acts as lubricant, barrier, and provides structure
6) Diffusion medium for metabolites, O2, CO2, growth factors

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3
Q

What are the molecular moieties of the ground substance?

A

1) Glycosaminoglycans
2) Proteoglycans
3) Multiadhesive glycoproteins
4) Water

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4
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans comprised of?

A

Linear polymers of disaccharides

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5
Q

How is the hydrating effect of glycoasminoglycans accomplished?

A

Negative carboxyl groups attract cations, which attracts extracellular fluid

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6
Q

In Grave’s disease, which extracellular matrix component is increased?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (e.g. hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate)

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7
Q

What is another term for glycosaminoglycans?

A

Mucopolysaccharides

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8
Q

What are proteoglycans composed of?

A

Linear chains of glycosaminoglycans bound to a protein core

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9
Q

Linear chains of glycosaminoglycans bound to a protein core constitute what extracellular matrix component?

A

Proteoglycans

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10
Q

What is an aggrecan?

A

Proteoglycans non-covalently linked to hyaluronic acid

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11
Q

What is the term for proteoglycans non-covalently linked to hyaluronic acid?

A

Aggrecans

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12
Q

What is a syndecan?

A

Transmembrane proteoglycan

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13
Q

What type of proteoglycan serves as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor?

A

Syndecan

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14
Q

Syndecan serves as a co-receptor for what growth factor?

A

Fibroblast growth factor

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15
Q

What is the major proteoglycan found in the basement membrane and connective tissues?

A

Perlecan

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16
Q

What is the function of perlecan?

A

1) Cell adhesion
2) Proliferation
3) Differentiation
4) Glomerular filtration
5) Development
6) Growth factor binding

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17
Q

How does gene inactivation for perlecan affect skeletal development?

A

Impairs skeletal development

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18
Q

What is the importance of versican?

A

Cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions

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19
Q

What are multiadhesive glycoproteins?

A

Glycoproteins that molecularly tether the cell to extracellular elements

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20
Q

Which glycoproteins molecularly tether the cell to extracellular elements?

A

Multiadhesive glycoproteins

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21
Q

What are the three binding sites for multiadhesive glycoproteins?

A

1) One for integrins
2) One for collagen fibers
3) One for proteoglycans

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22
Q

Where is fibronectin found?

A

1) Connective tissue
2) Blood plasma
3) Embryonic tissue

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23
Q

Where is laminin found?

A

Basal lamina

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24
Q

Where is nidogen (enactin) found?

A

Basal lamina

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25
Q

Where is tenascin found?

A

Embryonic tissue

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26
Q

Where is chondronectin found?

A

Cartilage

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27
Q

Where is osteonectin found?

A

Bone

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28
Q

Collagen is primarily made up of what amino acids?

A

1) Glycine
2) Hydroxyproline
3) Hydroxylysine

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29
Q

What is the most abundant collagen type?

A

Type I

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30
Q

What is the tissue distribution of type I collagen?

A

1) Dermis
2) Tendon
3) Bone
4) Dentin
5) Cementum
6) Fibrocartilage
7) Organ capsules

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31
Q

What is the function of type I collagen?

A

Resistance to tension

32
Q

What is the tissue distribution of type II collagen?

A

Hyaline and elastic cartilage

33
Q

What is the function of type II collagen?

A

Resistance to pressure

34
Q

What is the tissue distribution of type III collagen?

A

1) Spleen
2) Liver
3) Lymph nodes
4) Smooth muscle
5) Skin
6) Lungs

35
Q

What is the function of type III collagen?

A

Maintains structure in expandable organs

36
Q

What is the tissue distribution of type IV collagen?

A

Basal lamina

37
Q

What is the function of type IV collagen?

A

Support of delicate structures and filtration

38
Q

What is the tissue distribution of type V collagen?

A

Dermis

39
Q

What is the function of type VII collagen?

A

Anchors the basal lamina to the lamina reticularis

40
Q

Reticular fibers are composed of what type of collagen?

A

Type III

41
Q

What stains could be used to detect reticular fibers?

A

1) Silver Methods

2) PAS Reaction

42
Q

What are the attributes of elastic fibers?

A

1) Slender and branched (loose CT)
2) Densely arranged in bundles (ligamentum flavum)
3) Detected by resorcin-fuschin or Verhoeff

43
Q

What stains detect elastic fibers?

A

1) Resorcin-fuschin

2) Verhoeff

44
Q

How is nonfibrous elastic tissue arranged?

A

Fenestrated sheets or lamellae

45
Q

Which cells synthesize elastic fibers?

A

1) Fibroblasts
2) Smooth muscle cells
3) Chondroblasts

46
Q

Which three components must be synthesized to form elastic fibers?

A

1) Proelastin
2) Microfibril-associated glycoprotein
3) Fibrillin (1 and 2)

47
Q

What is the defect associated with EDS IV?

A

Mutation in COL3A1 gene encoding type III collagen (reticular fibers)

48
Q

What are the clinical consequences of EDS IV?

A

1) Varicose veins
2) Aortic rupture
3) Intestinal rupture

49
Q

What is the defect associated with EDS VI?

A

Defective hydroxylation of lysine - destabilizes collagen strength

50
Q

What are the clinical consequences of EDS VI?

A

1) Hyperelasticity of the skin

2) Rupture of the eyeball

51
Q

What is the defect associated with EDS VII?

A

Mutations of the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes encoding type I collagen

52
Q

What are the clinical consequences of EDS VII?

A

1) Joint dislocation

2) Hypermobility of joints

53
Q

What is the defect associated with scurvy?

A

Tropocollagen molecules cannot aggregate into fibrils due to decreased hydroxylation of proline caused by vitamin C deficiency

54
Q

What are the clinical consequences of scurvy?

A

1) Gum ulceration

2) Hemorrhages

55
Q

What is the defect associated with osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Mutations in the COL1A1 gene leading to reduction in type I collagen production

56
Q

What are the clinical consequences of osteogenesis imeprfecta?

A

1) Spontaneous fractures

2) Cardiac insufficiency

57
Q

What is the defect associated with Strickler syndrome?

A

Mutation in COL2A1 gene encoding for type II collagen

58
Q

What are the clinical consequences of Strickler syndrome?

A

1) Myopia
2) Hypoplasia of mandible
3) Arthritis

59
Q

What is the defect associated with Marfan syndrome?

A

Mutation of fibrillin 1 gene on chromosome 15

60
Q

What are the clinical consequences of Marfan syndrome?

A

1) Aortic aneurysm or rupture
2) Myopia
3) Detached lens
4) Skeletal defects
5) Pectus excavatum
6) Scoliosis

61
Q

What makes up the basal lamina?

A

Lamina lucida (variable) + lamina densa

62
Q

What part of the basal lamina is secreted by epithelial, muscle, adipose, and Schwann cells?

A

Lamina densa

63
Q

What makes up the basal membrane?

A

Basal lamina + lamina fibroreticularis

64
Q

What part of the basal membrane is secreted by fibroblasts?

A

Lamina fibroreticularis

65
Q

What makes up the lamina lucida?

A

1) Laminin
2) Entactin (nidogen)
3) Integrins
4) Dystroglycans

66
Q

What are the transmembrane receptors for laminin?

A

1) Integrins

2) Dystroglycans

67
Q

What is the lamina densa composed of?

A

1) Type IV collagen
2) Fibronectin
3) Perlecan

68
Q

Type IV collagen, fibronectin, and perlecan make up what layer of the basal membrane?

A

Lamina densa

69
Q

What is the lamina fibroreticularis composed of?

A

1) Fibronectin
2) Type I collagen
3) Type III collagen

70
Q

How is the basal lamina anchored to lamina fibroreticularis?

A

Anchoring fibrils of :

1) Type VII collagen
2) Fibrillin
3) FIbronectin

71
Q

The external lamina surrounds what elements?

A

Nonepithelial cells (muscle, adipocytes, Schwann cells)

72
Q

Nonepithelial cells are surrounded by what type of basal lamina?

A

External lamina

73
Q

What are the functions of the basement membrane?

A

1) Adhesion interface between epithelium and ECM
2) Molecular filter
3) Regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and organization
4) Regeneration of cells

74
Q

In Goodpasture syndrome, antibodies are formed against what type of collagen?

A

Type IV collagen

75
Q

Antibodies against type IV collagen are formed in what disease?

A

Goodpasture syndrome

Cell Bio I (11 decks)

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