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Musculoskeletal System > extracellular matrix > Flashcards

extracellular matrix Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ECM?

A

the non cellular component present within all tissues and organs

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2
Q

what is found inside the ECM?

A

collagen and elastin

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3
Q

roughly how many different proteins make up the ECM?

A

300

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4
Q

mainly what is the ECM made of?

A

water proteins and polysaccharides

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5
Q

what are the 2 main types of ECM

A

interstitial connective tissue matrix and basement membrane

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6
Q

what is the function of the interstitial connective tissue matrix?

A

surrounds cells and provides structural scaffolding for tissues

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7
Q

what is the function of the basement membrane?

A

specialised form of the ECM which separates the epithelium from the surrounding stroma

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8
Q

what are some functions of the ECM?

A

-provides mechanical and structural support
-tensile strength (resist mechanical force)
-determines cellular movement

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9
Q

what are the 2 groups of molecules that the ECM can be divided into?

A

fibrous proteins (collagens and elastin) and ground substance (the remainder)

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10
Q

what are the 5 classes of molecules found in ECM?

A

-collagens
-elastin
-proteoglycans
-hyaluronan
-other glycoproteins

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11
Q

collagen

A

fibrous protein family, main function is to provide tensile strength so can resist a large amount of force. secreted into ECM as polypeptide chains (triple helix) triple amino acid go fly followed by two other amino acids

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12
Q

what type of collagen is found in the basement membrane?

A

collagen IV

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13
Q

elastin

A

structural protein arranged as fibres, abundant in tissues that require stretch and recoil properties. assembly into functional fibres requires the presence of a structural glycoprotein - fibrillin which gets incorporated into the elastin fibre

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14
Q

what is ground substance?

A

clear, gelatinous like substance that fills the space between fibres and cells in connective tissue, mostly water but contains very large molecule, highly negatively charged and therefor attract water.

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15
Q

what is the basement membrane?

A

a thin, tough sheet of ECM in a mat like arrangement, underlies and supports epithelial cells and is produced by epithelial cells

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16
Q

what are the functions of the basement membrane?

A

-support
-binding to underlying connective tissue
-mbarrier to downward growth
-path for cell migration
-permits flow of nutrients
-determines cell polarity

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17
Q

what is the ECM produced by?

A

is surrounding cells

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18
Q

what are some examples of disease when the basement membrane does not function properly?

A

cancer, diabetes mellitus, epidermolysis bullosa, goodpastures syndrome

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19
Q

which molecule allows tumour cells to pass basement membrane?

A

matrix metalloproteinase

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20
Q

what is cartilage?

A

-synthesised by chondrocytes
-type II collagen
-chondroitin sulphate
-keratin sulphate
-hylauronic acid

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21
Q

what makes up cartilage proteoglycan?

A

aggrecan and hylaruronic acid

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22
Q

what are the three types of cartilage?

A

-hyaline
-elastic
-fibrocartilage

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23
Q

what distinguishes hyaline cartilage?

A

-few visible collagen fibres
-avascular
-has perichondrium (except articular cartilage)
-found in septum, articular surfaces, sternal ends of ribs, epiphyseal growth plate

24
Q

what distinguishes fibrocartilage?

A

-abundant collagen fibres
-avascular
-no perichondrium
-found in IV discs, pubic synthesis

25
Q

what does avascular mean?

A

lack of blood vessels

26
Q

what is perichondrium?

A

the connective tissue that envelopes cartilage when it is not at a joint.

27
Q

what is the function of the perichondrium?

A

protect bones from injury and damage,

28
Q

what distinguishes elastic cartilage?

A

-contains elastic fibres
-avascular
-has perichondrium
-found in external ear, auditory tube

29
Q

what does over production of the ECM result in?

A

fibrosis

30
Q

What is the structure of collagen I?

A

Can form parallel collagen fibrils that confer strength

31
Q

What is the structure of collagen IV?

A

Thin mesh crude found in basement membrane

32
Q

Where is type I collagen found?

A

Dermis, tendons, ligaments, bones, fibrocartilage

33
Q

Where is type 2 cartilage found?

A

Hyaline cartilage

34
Q

Where is type III collagen found?

A

Liver, bone marrow, lymphoid organs; granulation tissue eg reticulim

35
Q

Where is type IV collagen found?

A

Basement membranes

36
Q

Where is collagen type V found?

A

Linker to basement membrane, cornea

37
Q

Which tissues are rich in elastin?

A

Ones that require recoil, lungs, bladder, blood vessels ect

38
Q

What is needed to assemble elastin into functional fibres?

A

Structural glycoproteins- fibrillin

39
Q

What makes up ground substance?

A

Non fibrous molecules, amorphous, colourless, gelatinous material that fills the space between fibres and cells in connective tissues.

40
Q

What makes up glycoproteins p?

A

GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) which link together with a core protein

41
Q

What is hylauronic acid best known for?

A

Attracting water, found in synovial fluid in joint

42
Q

What makes hylauronic acid so fit to bind so much water?

A

Highly polar structure

43
Q

Where is aggrecan located?

A

Cartilage

44
Q

Where is perclean located?

A

Basement membrane

45
Q

Where is syndecan located?

A

Cartilage

46
Q

Where is decorin located?

A

Widespread in connective tissue

47
Q

What is fibrillin?

A

Controls deposition and orientation of elastin

48
Q

What is fibronectin?

A

Linker role in basement membrane; organises ECM and participates in cell attachment to BM. Provides imitial matrix for keratinocyte migration

49
Q

What is laminin?

A

Primary organiser of BM. Role in maintaining integrity of dermo-epidermal junction

50
Q

What is the principal cell in the production of the ECM?

A

Fibroblasts

51
Q

What causes good pastures syndrome?

A

Autoantibodies to collagen IV destroy BM in glomerulus and lung

52
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Nasal septum, larynx, sternal ends of ribs, epiphyseal growth plate

53
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

IV discs, pubic symphysis

54
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

External ear, epiglottis

55
Q

what makes up the ECM?

A

COLLAGEN IV
LAMININ
NIDOPEN
PERLECAN

Musculoskeletal System (7 decks)

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