Extra stuff from formative

Question 1

How has HIV/ AIDs changed the population structure of Africa?

Answer 1

Less people of middle age, but still lots of children as time from infection to death is at least 10 years so still have time to have children

Question 2

Define screening?

Answer 2

A test to assist in the identification of a disease or condition among people who do not have any symptoms of that disease or condition.

Question 3

What conditions are screened for at birth?

Answer 3

Congenital hypothyroidism
Phenylketonuria
Medium chain acetyl decarboxylase (MCAD)
Hearing problems
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell disease
Maple syrup disease
Isolaeric acidaemia (IVA)
Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1)
Homocystinuria HCU

Question 4

Why would measuring a Childs BMI at school be useful?

Answer 4

Helps identify over or under weight children so parents are aware and can take action
For schools to tackle obesity
Local obesity figures and performance can be monitored
Highlights importance of obesity in the community
NHS and local authority gains info which they can use to tackle obesity

Question 5

What are some disadvantages of screening to individual or to NHS?

Answer 5

False positive results leading to unnecessary anxiety and interventions
Opportunity cost of program for NHS and patient

Question 6

How can waiting lists be measured?

Answer 6

Average or median waiting time until treatment
Average or median waiting time so far of those currently on the list
Proportion of people waiting more than X days
Time taken to clear the list
How any people are on the list

Question 7

Why might waiting times benefit the NHS?

Answer 7

Acts as rationing

Makes bets use of resources

Question 8

What are some initiatives taken in the NHS to help reduce waiting lists?

Answer 8

More doctors or healthcare staff
Day cases
Targets and penalties for missing them
Activity based remuneration for doctors and hospitals
Star ratings
Other service providers, like contracting with private providers