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Immuno spring 2016 > Extra Questions E1 > Flashcards

Extra Questions E1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which physical barrier has the greatest surface area to defend?

A

mucous membranes

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2
Q

Which of the following in not considered part of the innate immune system?

A

Bcells

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3
Q

Compliment protein activation is totally dependent on antibodies.

A

false

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4
Q

Which carbohydrates is found on the surface of many common pathogens and can trigger the lectin activation pathway of compliment activation?

A

mannose

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5
Q

What is not a function of the compliment system?

A

antigen presentation

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6
Q

In what state are macrophages good antigen presenters?

A

primed

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7
Q

What is the function of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) which is sometimes expressed on the surface of endothelial cells?

A

binds integrin expressed on surface of neutophil to stop neutrophil from rolling

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8
Q

Which cytokines activate neutrophils as they travel to the battle site?

A

IL-2

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9
Q

Which cytokines, produced by natural killer cells can prime macrophages?

A

IFN Gamma

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10
Q

What organ/tissue is the primary source of the complement proteins?

A

liver

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11
Q

Which activation pathway of the complement system is antibody dependant

A

classical

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12
Q

What cytokine is produced by a hyperactivated macrophage which causes it to secrete lots of IL-12?

A

TNF

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13
Q

Which molecule, native to a bacterial cell wall, can bind to and stimulate both natural killer cells and macrophages signaling that an attack in underway?

A

IFN gamma

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14
Q

In an NK cell membrane, receptors that bind to MHC I receptors displaying peptide fragment elicit what type of response?

A

kill

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15
Q

What “kills” by poking holes in the cell membrane of the invader?

A

complement

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16
Q

What “kills” by poking holes in the cell membrane of the invader, and dumping in granenzyme B?

A

NK cells

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17
Q

Which “kills” by forcing the cell to commit suicide (apoptosis)?

A

NK cells (Fas & Fas L)

18
Q

What acts as warning proteins, given off by virally infected cells?

A

TNF

19
Q

What is the most abundant antibody in the blood?

A

IgG

20
Q

A B cell receptor is best described as?

A

an antibody tethered to the B cell membrane

21
Q

Which statements regarding a mature B cell is true?

A

a. only produces soluble antibodies, there are no B cell receptors on the cell surface
b. produces a vast number (>100,000) of different B cell receptors or antibodies
c. produces a small number (

22
Q

At any point in time how many B cells in the blood are identical?

A

50 – about 30 in the blood

23
Q

Most B cells will eventually find their cognant antigen.(T/F)

A

false

24
Q

What part of an antibody binds to an antigen?

A

“top of the Y” heavy and light chains

25
Q

VDJC gene segments on chromosome 14 in humans code for what structure?

A

the heavy antibody chain

26
Q

What portion of the B cell receptor generates an activation signal inside the B cell?

A

Ig-Alpha, Ig-Beta

27
Q

Which gene segment humans is there about 40 different variations?

A

V

28
Q

What receptor on the B cell can bind to a helper T cell which acts as a co-stimulatory signal?

A

CD40

29
Q

. In order for B cells to activate, they must receive a Th cell co-stimulatory signal. (T/F)

A

fasle

there are T-cell dependant, and T-cell independant pathways

30
Q

Without T cell help, B cells can activate under what conditions.

A 
pattern recognition (t cell independent)
clustering of B cell receptors
31
Q

What cells lives for only a few days, usually goes back to the bone marrow or spleen and can produce up to 2000 antibodies per second?

A

plasma cell

32
Q

Which MHC class are displayed on virtually all cells?

A

MHC I

33
Q

Which MHC class have open ends and can display exogenous peptides about 13-25 amino acids in length?

A

MHC II – exogenous, 13-25 AA

34
Q

.What prevents MHC II molecules from displaying endogenous peptides?

A

invariant chain

35
Q

In terms of antigen presentation, what cells present loaded MHC II to re-stimulate experienced T cells at the battle site?

A

activated macrophages

36
Q

What lymphocytes scan MHC I complexes?

A

killer T cells

37
Q

MHC complexes present antigen to both T and B cells(T/F)

A

false – t cells and NK cells

38
Q

All antigen presenting cells must be activated before they can function.

A

true

39
Q

What protein displayed by both activated macrophages and activated dendritic cells acts as a co-stimulatory molecule to amplify the effect of MHC II presentation and binds to the CD28 receptor on the helper T cell?

A

.B7

40
Q

Activated dendritic cells travel to lymph nodes to present antigen and activate virgin T cells and live for months in the lymph node.

A

false – lives in lymph node for about a week, rest is true

41
Q

Which antigen presenting cell is capable of concentrating antigen for presentation to T cells?

A

activated B cells

42
Q

. Which of the following are pattern recognition receptors found on dendritic cells?

A

Toll-like receptors – also LPS (CD14) receptor,

(lipopolysaccaride), scavenger receptor, glucan receptor

Immuno spring 2016 (4 decks)

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