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Immuno spring 2016 > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

The largest physical Barrier to be defended is the Mucous membranes? (T/F)

A

True

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2
Q

The largest physical Barrier to be defended is the skin? (T/F)

A

False

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3
Q

Commensal Microbiota in the gut compete with pathogens for nutrients and attachment sits? (T/F)

A

True

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4
Q

Lysozyme, defensins, cathelicidins and histatins are all examples of?

A

Antimicrobial enzymes/peptides

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5
Q

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha are a classic example of?

A

Pro-inflamatory Cytokines.

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6
Q

Thick or impaired mucus flow predisposes an individual to what?

A

Chronic infection. (ex. Cystic Fibrosis)

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7
Q

If the inflammation response is not regulated it can lead to?

A

Sepsis or septic shock

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8
Q

What cells of the immune system are prolific cytokine factories?

A

T helper Cells.

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9
Q

What cell acts as a liaison between the innate and adaptive immune system?

A

Dendritic Cells

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10
Q

Inflammation is an Adaptive immune response?(T/F)

A

False

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11
Q

Inflammation is an Innate immune response?(T/F)

A

True

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a function of antibodies?

A

Apoptosis

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13
Q

Do antibodies directly kill cells?

A

No

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14
Q

What are the functions of antibodies?

A

Neutrilization
Opsonization
Complement Activation
Antibody-Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity

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15
Q

What are the functions of the complement system?

A

Opsinization
Chemical Attractant
Destroys Bacteria

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16
Q

Does the complement system require activation?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What are the 3 pathways that activate the complement system?

A

Alternative Pathway
Lectin Pathway
Classical Pathway (Antibody dependant)

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18
Q

What Cells Present antibodies?

A

Activated Dendritic Cells
Activated Macrophages
Activated B Cells
Activated Neutrophils

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19
Q

What is the Function of C3a and C5a?

A

Chemo attractant

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20
Q

What is the fucntion of C5b, C3b?

A

Bind to the cell membrane

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21
Q

What is the Function of Convertase? (C3bBb)

A

split more C3 and C5

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22
Q

What forms the Membrane Attack complex?

A

C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9

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23
Q

What is the most numerous white blood cell in the body?

A

Neutrophil

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24
Q

What Monosaccharide found on the surface of many pathogens can trigger the activation of complement?

A

Mannose

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25
Q

When Mannose is found on the surface of many pathogens trigger the activation of complement is is called?

A

Lectin Activation Pathway

mannose binding lectin protein and MASP, clips locale C3 to C3a, and C3b

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26
Q

What professional phagocyte normally circulates in the blood?

A

Neutrophil

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27
Q

What professional phagocyte normally circulates in the tissue?

A

Macrophages

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28
Q

What is the least numerous white blood cell in the body?

A

Basophil

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29
Q

What are the characteristics of a primed macrophage?

A

phagocytosis (big bites)
expreses MHC II
Produces comeplement proteins C3, factor B, Factor D
Proiliferates

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30
Q

What are the characteristics of a resting macrophage?

A

phagocytosis (small Bites)
Slowly Proiliferates
Few MHC II’s displayed

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31
Q

What are the characteristics of hyper active macrophage?

A

Stops proliferating
Grows large
Phagoctytosis (whole cells)
EMITS TNF

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32
Q

What primes macropahges?

A

IFN-y “bad guys in area”

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33
Q

What hyperactives macrophages?

A

LPS/mannose from bacteria cell wall or “direct signal from bad guy”

34
Q

What is up-regulated by an activated neutrophil and binds to endothelial ICAM allowing the Neutrophil to stop?

A

Integrin

35
Q

What is on the endothleium after “alarm” (TNF/IL-1), binds to the Selectin Ligand allowing the Neutrophil to roll/slow?

A

Selectin

36
Q

What is always on Endothelium surface, that is always presented that binds to a neutrophils Intergrin?

A

ICAM

37
Q

Whats always on the Neutrophils surface?

A

Selectin Ligand

38
Q

Natural Killer cells kill by what mechanism?

A

Apoptosis

39
Q

What are the Two methods NK cells use to kill a cell?

A 
Perforin/Granenzyme B;
  FAS ligand (triggers suicide)
40
Q

Nk cells bind what antibodies to allow it to kill via antibody dependent cytotoxicity?

A

IgG

41
Q

IgG binds to what receptors on a NK cell allowing it to kill via antibody independant cellular cytotoxicity?

A

IgG3 on NK/FC

42
Q

All B cells(tethered antibodies) on any given B cell are identical? (T/F)

A

True

43
Q

Besides a B cell receptor on a B cell, name another type of receptor that would likely be present?

A

Completment

CD40 (not CD40L, CD40L is on Thelpers)

44
Q

What cell has the Fc receptor?

A

Nk cells (binds IgG3 allowing IgG to kill)

45
Q

Mast Cells binding what, wiill cause mast cell degeneration?

A

IgE

46
Q

In consideration of the heavy chain modular design, which gene segment has the most variations (~40) to choose from?

A

V

47
Q

In consideration of the heavy chain modular design, which gene segment has the Least variations (~6) to choose from?

A

J

48
Q

What is Expressed on a NK cell that binds to a Fas protein on the invader, triggering apoptosis?

A

Fas Ligand

49
Q

In a Bcell receptor, what is the function of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta?

A

sends an activation signal to the nucleus.

50
Q

What binds to the epitope?

A

Paratrope

51
Q

Almost all cells in the body express MHC I? (T/f)

A

True

52
Q

Almost all cells in the body express MHC II? (T/F)

A

False, only Antigen presenting cells do.

A. Dendritic
A. Macropahges
A. Bcells
A. Neutrophils

53
Q

The Helper T cell co-stimulates the B cell by expressing?

A

CD40 Ligand, (CD40 is on Bcell)

54
Q

What binds with B7?

A

CD28

55
Q

What binds with CD28?

A

B7

56
Q

What are the characteristics of IgA?

A

Breast Milk
cannot fix complement
coats pathogens to prevent mucosal attachement,
Most abundant class within the human BODY

57
Q

What are the characteristics of IgG?

A

Has 4 subcatagories
can pass from the mothers blood to the feuts via placenta
More IgG in serum(blood) than any other antibody
Activates complement

58
Q

What are the characteristics of IgM?

A 
First immunoglobin made following antigen recognition (When Bcells are activated)
Immobilizes antigen (agglutination)
Activates complement (classical pathway)
59
Q

What are the characteristics of IgE?

A

Made in response to alergies
Binds on surface of mast cells
(causes degranulation of mast cells, which can cause shock)

60
Q

After a Bcell has found its cognate antigen and proliferates, most of these proliferating B cells become which of the following?

A

Plasma cells

61
Q

After a Bcell has found its cognate antigen and proliferates, some of these proliferating B cells become which of the following?

A

Memory Bcells

62
Q

What is the result of B cell activation without T cell Help?

A

they can only produce IgM

63
Q

Stimulation of what nerve(s) can attenuate or inhibit inflammation mediated by splenic macrophages?

A

the vagus nerve

64
Q

Which antibody can confer passive immunity from the mother to the fetus and crosses the placenta?

A

IgG

65
Q

Which antibody can confer passive immunity from the mother to the fetus via breast milk?

A

IgA

66
Q

What normally prevents endogenous peptides from loading onto MHC II?

A

Invariant Chain

67
Q

What specail protein protects the binding area of MHC II

A

Invariant Chain

68
Q

All antigen presenting cells express B7 co-stimulatory proteins? (T/F)

A

true

69
Q

what is the function of MHC 1?

A

displays endogenous Peptides

70
Q

What MHC displays longer peptides?

A

MHC II

71
Q

B7 displayed on macrophages can act as co-stimulatory molecule to the antigen presenting MHC, what receptor on the B cell binds B7?

A

CD 28

72
Q

Toll-like receptors are best descirbed as?

A

Pattern Recognition receptors

73
Q

What antigen presenting cell, pahgoctizes antigen at the battle site, displays it on MHC II and travels back to a lmyph node to activate T cells?

A

Activated Dendritic Cells

74
Q

What antigen presenting cell, pahgoctizes antigen at the battle site, and re-stimulates Tcells?

A

Macrophages.

75
Q

What is the major APC function of Activated Macrophages?

A

to re-stimulate Tcells at the battle site.

76
Q

What antibody is the major mucosal antibody, can bind to pathogens in the gut and prevent attachement (neutrilization) to mucosal Cells?

A

IgA

77
Q

What substance is released from degranulating mast cells and is associated with anaplyactic shock systemically?

A

Histamine

78
Q

Antigen

A

something that causes immune system to create antibodies specifically targeting that something

79
Q

Cognate Antigen

A

antigen that a given B cell’s receptors recognize

80
Q

Epitope (antigenic determinant)

A

part of the antigen that the antibody recognizes and attaches to

81
Q

Paratope

A

part of the antibody that recognizes and attaches to the epitope

Immuno spring 2016 (4 decks)

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