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Immuno spring 2016 > E2 practice > Flashcards

E2 practice Flashcards

1
Q

T/F In order for T helper and CTLs to function they must be activated.

A

True

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2
Q

T-Helper cells activated by ______ on ______

A

T-Helpers activated by MHC II on APCs

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3
Q

CTL’s (killer T cells) activated by _____ on _______

A

CTL’s activated by MHC I by “most cells in the body”

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4
Q

Which major histocompatibility complex protein presents antigen to activate T helper cells?

A

MHC II - asssociated with CD4 and T helper cells

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5
Q

Which major histocompatibility complex protein presents antigen to activate CTL’s (Killer T cells?)

A

MHC I - associated with CD8 and Killer T cells (CTL’s)

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6
Q

Infected antigen presenting cells displaying viral protein on MHC I function to activate primarily which of the following?

A

CTL’s (Killer T cells)

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7
Q

What keeps the immune system from overreacting?

A

Regulatory T cells

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8
Q

What is the function of CD3 in a T cell receptor?

A

intracellular signaling

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9
Q

Traditional T cells express what receptors?

A

Αβ (95%)

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10
Q

Non traditional T cells express what receptors?

A

γδ

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11
Q

What T cell co receptor is associated with CTLs and functions to strengthen attachment of the TCR to MHC?

A

CD8

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12
Q

What T cell co receptor is associated with ALL T cells and functions as a protein signaling complex

A

CD3

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13
Q

What T cell co receptor is associated with T helper cells

A

CD4

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14
Q

when you see CTL’s you should think ___

A

CD8

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15
Q

what is a receptor molecule on the T Cell Which when activated it amplifies the signal and lower the # of TCR crosslinks needed for activation

A

CD28

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16
Q

T/F Immature T cells in the thymus only express CD3.

A

False

Double Positive – majority expressing both CD4 + CD8, TCR

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17
Q

What allows experienced T cells to reactivate without co stimulation?

A

Maintenance of lipid rafts

Once T Cells are activated by co-stim, many more cholesterol lipid rafts form. The lipid rafts contain numbers of signaling molecules. “once a cell is activated, it is easier to reactivate- experienced T cells are easier to activate” –written in

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18
Q

would up regulation of B7 allow experienced T cells to reactivate without co stimulation?

A

No, B7 is a co stimulatory molecule

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19
Q

Would up regulation of CTLA-4 allow experienced T cells to reactivate without co stimulation?

A

No, CTLA-4 binds to B7 making it harder to reactivate T cells

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20
Q

Th2 bias is normally geared for which of the following?

A

Parasitic attack in GI tract

Parasitic attack or food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria

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21
Q

Th1 bias is normally geared for which of the following?

A

Viral attack in respiratory tract

Th1 bias typically viral/bacterial

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22
Q

Th17 bias is normally geared for which of the following?

A

Fungal attack in respiratory tract

Fungal attack and some extracellular bacteria

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23
Q

Besides a Fas ligand on its cell surface, how else can a CTL kill its target?

A

Perforin/granzyme B

(Perferates the cell, and drops in the “suicide note”)

1-Attaches, Granzyme B introduced → suicide
2- CTL Fas Ligand to Fas protein → suicide

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24
Q

Which of the following is an example of a secondary lymphoid organ?

A

Lymph node, Spleen, Peyers patches

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25
Q

Which of the following is an example of a primary lymphoid organ?

A

Bone marrow, and Thymus

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26
Q

Which of the following best describes a primary lymphoid follicle?

A

Island of follicular dendritic cells in a sea of B cells

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27
Q

Follicular dendritic cells have receptors that bind which of the following? (pick two)

A

Compliment protein + Fc region of antibodies

FDCs attach and hold opsonized antigens – allows BCRs cluster and crosslink more easily

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28
Q

What is characteristic of the antigen that follicular dendritic cells catch and display to B cells?

A

Its opsonized

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29
Q

In a lymph node, proliferating B cells are associated with which of the following?

A

Germinal center

30
Q

In a Light Zone, proliferating B cells are associated with which of the following?

A

Fab regions + hypermutation

31
Q

T/F All secondary lymphoid organs have afferent lymph vessels.

A

False

Spleen doesn’t have Afferent lymph vessels (slide 28)

32
Q

How do lymphocytes easily leave the blood vascular system and enter the lymph node?

A

High endothelial venules

33
Q

What area in a lymph node is lined with macrophages?

A

Marginal sinus (AKA subcapsular sinus) “M+Ms”

34
Q

What area in a lymph node is lined with lymphoid follicles and where B cells “hang out?”

A

Cortex

35
Q

What area in a lymph node is where T cells “hang out?”

A

Paracortex

36
Q

The total flow to the spleen per minute consists of ¾ blood flow and ¼ lymph flow?

A

False, no Afferent lymphatics to spleen.

37
Q

M cells in Peyer’s patches function to uptake antigen from the GI tract.

A

True

38
Q

Experienced T cell trafficking which restricts them from certain areas depends on what factor?

A

Expression of certain adhesion molecules

39
Q

What interleukin from inducible regulator T cells (iTreg) binds to receptors on T cells and blocks co-stimulatory signals normally mediated by CD28?

A

IL-10

inhibitory cytokine and helps shut down the response

40
Q

Why do “mothers kiss their babies”?

A

IgA antibodies in breast milk specific for babies pathogens

41
Q

What receptor produced by experienced (old) T cells when bound with B7 makes it harder for these T cells to reactivate?

A

CTLA-4 –inhibitory or down regulation signal

42
Q

name a receptor which functions as a signaling protein complex

A

CD3

43
Q

_____ is a receptor molecule on the T cell.
When activated, it amplifies the signal
and lowers the number of TCR crosslinks needed for activation

A

CD28

44
Q

T/F The lifespan of most immune cells averages from a few days to a few weeks

A

True

45
Q

T/F B7 binds to CTLA-4 sends a deactivation signal

A

True

46
Q

T/F B7 binds to CTLA-4 sends an activation signal

A

False, Deactivation signal

47
Q

T/F B7 binds to CD28 sends a deactivation signal

A

False, Activation signal

48
Q

T/F B7 binds to CD28 sends an activation signal

A

True

49
Q

T/F B7 binds to CD 28 sends a kill signal

A

False, activation signal

50
Q

B7 binds to CD 28 sends a _______ signal

A

Activation

51
Q

B7 binds to CTLA-4 sends a(n) ________ signal

A

Deactivation

52
Q

What is the negative test maturing T cells must pass in the thymus?

A

Must not recognize self peptides

53
Q

What is the positive selection test maturing T cells must pass in the thymus

A

Must only recognize peptides presented on MHCs

54
Q

What thymic cells are associated with positive selection test of T cells?

A

Cortical thymic epithelial cells (CECs)

55
Q

What thymic cells are associated with Negative selection test of T cells? pick two

A

Thymic dendritic cells + Medullary thymic epithelial cells

56
Q

What percentage of maturing T cells pass both selection tests in the thymus and migrate to lymph nodes.

A

Less than 5%

57
Q

If aberrant T cell escapes deletion in the thymus, what is a common fate of that cell?

A

Source of Autoimmune disease

58
Q

Which immune cell memory is changeable, depends on what the individual is exposed to and no two people are identical with respect to this type of memory?

A

Adaptive immunity

59
Q

Which immune cell memory is standard from person to person?

A

Innate immunity

60
Q

What cell replaces long-lived plasma cells that die from old age?

A

Central memory B-cells

61
Q

During subsequent attacks, central memory T cells are slow to activate, which protects the body from an abnormally robust response, and helps protect against autoimmune disease.

A

False,

Subsequent attacks create a robust response

62
Q

During a subsequent attack, how do the symptoms compare to the initial attack?

A

Lesser than the initial attack

63
Q

What process can fine tune memory cell’s BCR increasing affinity to its cognant antigen?

A

Somatic hypermutation - can tweak it

64
Q

T/F No two people have the same innate memory.

A

False,

we all have the same innate memory

65
Q

T/F Both memory B and T cells are easier to activate in subsequent attacks.

A

True

66
Q

which memory cells are inactive or dormant?

A

Memory T cells

67
Q

Which memory cells continually produce modest amounts of antibodies

A

Long lived plasma cells

68
Q

T/F During the course of an attack, B cells can change the class of antibodies they produce?

A

True,

Remember, Somatic hypermutation

69
Q

Innate memory is primary based on which of the following?

A

Pattern recognition receptors

70
Q

People who are prone to allergies and asthma typically have what type of Th bias?

A

Th2

71
Q

People who are prone to viral infections, or bacteria typically have what type of Th bias?

A

Th1

72
Q

People who are prone to fungal attacks typically have what type of Th bias

A

Th17

Immuno spring 2016 (4 decks)

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