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Extra Patho Flashcards

0
Q

Pink globular cytoplasmic inclusions

A

Russell bodies

MM

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1
Q

Nuclear remnants are phagocytosed by interspersed macrophages with abundant clear cytoplasm

A

Starry sky pattern

Burkitt’s lymphoma

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2
Q

Blue globular nuclear inclusions

A

Dutcher bodies

MM

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3
Q

Needle like azurophilic granules found in myeloblasts

A

AUER RODS!!
AML
highest in APML

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4
Q

Patches of dilated ER that appear as sky blue cytoplasmic puddles

A

Dohle bodies

Severe infection

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5
Q

Scattered macrophages with abundant wrinkled green blue cytoplasm

A

Sea blue histiocytes

CML

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6
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Less than 150,000

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7
Q

Chloroma

A

Focus of leukemia outside BM

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8
Q

Large cells with multiple nuclei or a single nucleus with multiple nuclear lobes

A

Reed sternberg

Hodgkins

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9
Q

Seen in adult t-cell lymphoma - appears as multilobulated nuclei

A

Cloverleaf or flower cells
Adult t-cell lymphoma
HTLV-1

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10
Q

RBCs in PBS stick in linear arrays - because of what protein?

A

M protein
Rouleux formation/ caterpillar
MM

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11
Q

Erythroblasts with iron laden mitochondria visible as perinuclear granules

A

Ringed sideroblasts

Sideroblastic anemia, INH, lead poisoning, copper, mm, b6 deficiency

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12
Q

Neutrophils with only two nuclear lobes

A

Pseudo Pelger Huet cells

MDS

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13
Q

Neutrophils with more than 5 lobes

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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14
Q

Pink round to oval cytoplasmic inclusions

A

Negri bodies

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15
Q

Pawn ball megakaryocytes

A

MDS

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16
Q

Megakaryocytes with single nuclear lobe of multiple separate nuclei

A

Pawn ball megakaryocytes

MDS

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17
Q

Premature release of nucleated erythroid and early granulocyte progenitors

A

Leukoeythroblastosis

Primary Myelofibrosis

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18
Q

Hallmark of primary Myelofibrosis

A

Development of obliterative marrow fibrosis

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19
Q

Small yellow to brown or rust colored foci in the spleen

A

Gandy gamma nodules

Splenic congestion

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20
Q

Macrophages in connective tissue

A

Sinus histiocytes

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21
Q

Omaya reservoir

A

Intrathecal

For sanctuary sites - CNS, testes

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22
Q

Number (%) of myeloblasts in AML

A

Equal to or more than 20%

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23
Q

MC physical finding in CML

A

Splenomegaly

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24
Q

Blast crisis

A

20% and above

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25
Q

Stain for hairy cell leukemia

A

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)

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26
Q

MC variant of Hodgkins

A

Lacunar variant RS cells

Nodular sclerosis (not scary!)

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27
Q

Popcorn cells

A

Lymphocyte predominant HL

Good prognosis

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28
Q

Hodgkins with highest count of Reed sternberg cells

A

Lymphocyte depleted

Poor prognosis

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29
Q

MC type of NHL

A

Diffuse b cell

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30
Q

Burkitt - chromosome?

A

Chromosome 8

C-myc

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31
Q

NHL - does not have centroblasts and proliferation centers

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

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32
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma

A

t 11,14
Cyclin d1
Poor prognosis

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33
Q

MG, pure red cell aplasia

A

Thymoma

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34
Q

MM - spike? Ig?

A

M protein spike

Ig G

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35
Q

Femtoliters

A

Average volume
MCV
80-100

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36
Q

Mass of hemoglobin per red cell

A

MCH
Pictograms
Hypo or hyper chromic

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37
Q

Hg in a given volume of PRBC

A

MCHC

g/dl

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38
Q

Parvovirus b19 - infection of red cells

A

Aplastic crisis

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39
Q

Membrane bound precipitates on denatured globin chains

A

Heinz bodies

G6PD def

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40
Q

Small dark nuclear remnants present in RBCs of asplenic patients

A

Howell Jowell :)

Asplenia

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41
Q

Dehydrated RBCs

A

Target cells
Codocytes/ Mexican hat cells

B-thalassemia, sickle cell

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42
Q

Helmet cells

A

Schistocytes

RBC trauma
DIC, HUS

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43
Q

Echinocytes

A

Burr cells
RBCs
With spikes
Valve replacement

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44
Q

Giant metamyelocytes

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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45
Q

Absorption of iron - where?

A

Proximal duodenum

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46
Q

Absorption of Vit b12

A

Terminal ileum

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47
Q

Platelet level in Bernard Soulier

A

Decreased

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48
Q

Triad of hemolytic anemia

A

Pallor
Jaundice
Splenomegaly

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49
Q

MCC of death of PNH

A

Thrombosis

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50
Q

PNH - deficiency

A

Decay accelerating factor

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51
Q

Chloramphenicol, Benzene

A

Aplastic anemia

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52
Q

Most feared complication of ITP

A

Intracranial bleeding

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53
Q

HUS triad

A

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure

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54
Q

Von willebrand disease - platelet count

A

Normal

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55
Q

VWD - treatment?

A

Desmopressin

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56
Q

Hemophilia most common site of hemarthrosis

A

Ankles

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57
Q

MC site of hydronephrosis

A

Left ureter

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58
Q

Mc site of hydrocele

A

Right

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59
Q

Pruritic, red, crusted, sharply demarcated, map like area usually on the labia majora

A

Extra mammary Paget’s disease

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60
Q

Screening PSA

A 
>= 50 if low risk
>= 40 if high risk
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61
Q

Screening for cervical CA

A

21 to or within 3 years of sexual activity

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62
Q

MC presentation of endometriosis

A

Infertility

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63
Q

Dermoid cyst - mature or immature teratoma?

A

Mature

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64
Q

MC germ cell neoplasm

A

Mature teratoma/ dermoid cyst

65
Q

Malignant non-germ cell neoplasm associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

Mucinous cystadeoCA

66
Q

Complete mole

A

69 XXY

Empty egg

67
Q

Partial mole

A

46 XX
46 XY

2 sperm, 1 egg

68
Q

Presents with malignant cells extending from within ductal system, via lactiferous sinuses, into skin without crossing the BM

A

Paget’s disease of nipple

69
Q

Always an incidental finding on biopsy

Abnormal cells with oval or round nuclei and small nucleoli

A

Lobar carcinoma in situ

Lack e-cadherin

70
Q

Signet ring cells arranged in Indian file pattern

A

ILCA

71
Q

Fleshy mass with syncitium-like sheets of large cells with vesicular, pleomorphic nuclei and prominent nucleoli

A

Medullary CA, breast

72
Q

Soft, rubbery breast mass

Pale gray-blue gelatin

A

Mucinous CA, breast

73
Q

MCC of SIADH

A

Small cell lung CA

74
Q

Second most common pituitary adenoma

A

Somatotroph adenoma

75
Q

Thyroid CA with giant cells, spindle cells

A

Anaplastic

With cytokeratin

76
Q

Antibodies in Hashimoto

A

Anti-TPO

Anti-thyroglobulin

77
Q

Dystrophically calcified cancer cells

A

Psammoma bodies

78
Q

Avascular necrosis of ossification centers in children

A

Legg Calve Perthes disease

  • creeping substitution
79
Q

CKD - calcium and PTH levels?

A

Low calcium

High PTH

80
Q

Erlenmeyer flask

A

Osteopetrosis

81
Q

Hat does not fit

A

Paget’s disease of bone

82
Q

Jigsaw puzzle

A

Paget’s disease of bone

83
Q

Brown tumors

A

Osteitis fibrosis cystica

84
Q

Soft bones

A

Rickets

Osteomalacia

85
Q

Chalk stick type fractures

A

Paget’s disease of bone

86
Q

Railroad track cancellous bone

A

Osteitis fibrosis cystica

87
Q

Zellballen

A

Pheochromocytoma

88
Q

MEN II

A

Medullary thyroid CA
Pheochromocytoma
Parathyroid hyperplasia

89
Q

MEN III

A

Medullary thyroid CA
Pheochromocytoma
Mucocutaneous/ oral ganglioneuromatosis
(Marfanoid habitus)

90
Q

Staging for melanoma

A

Breslow

91
Q

Tx for Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Imiquimod

92
Q

Marble bone disease

A

Osteopetrosis

93
Q

Osteitis deformans

A

Paget’s disease of bone

94
Q

Associated with Mafucci syndrome

A

Chondroma

95
Q

Eburnation

A

Osteoarthritis

96
Q

Joint mice

A

OA

97
Q

Sausage shaped DIP joints

A

Psoriatic arthritis

98
Q

Seronegative spondylopathies

A 
PAIR
Psoriasis 
Ankylosing spindylitis 
IBD
Reiter's
99
Q

Osteoclastoma

A

Giant cell tumor

RANK/RANKL signaling

100
Q

Chinese figures on X-ray

A

Fibrous dysplasia

101
Q

MC presentation of McCune Albright

A

Precocious puberty

102
Q

Progressive muscular atrophy of leg below the knee, thin or absent myelin sheath

A

Charcot Marie Tooth

103
Q

Schwann cell hyperplasia and hypertrophic neuropathy

A

Charcot Marie tooth

Hereditary Motor Sensory neuropathy

104
Q

Floppy baby, panfascicular atrophy

A

Spinal muscle atrophy

105
Q

Werning Hoffman

A

Spinal muscle atrophy

106
Q

Weakness in mitrochondrial myopathies

A

Proximal muscle weakness

107
Q

GABA

A

Nucleus acumbens

108
Q

Dopamine

A

Ventral tegmentum

Substantia nigra pars compacta

109
Q

Mononuclear cell perivascular cuffs and neurophagia of the anterior horn motor neurons

A

Polio

110
Q

Gelatinous material within subarachnoid space and small cysts

A

Soap bubbles

Cryptococcal meningitis

111
Q

Separated in time and space

A

MS

112
Q

Flame shaped bundles of neurofilaments

A

Neurofilbrillary tangles

With tau protein

113
Q

Elongated, glassy eosinophilic bodies with para crystalline arrays of beaded actin filaments

A

Hirano bodies

114
Q

Alpha synuclein

A

Lewy bodies

115
Q

Superoxide dismutase

A

ALS

116
Q

Pseudo palisading pattern of tumor cells

A

GBM

117
Q

Brain CA mets in order

A

Lots of bad stuff kill glia

Lung
Breast 
Skin
Kidney
GIT
118
Q

Heliotrope rash

A

Dermatomyositis

119
Q

Gottron lesions

A

Dermatomyositis

120
Q

Drop mets in cauda equina

A

Medulloblastoma

121
Q

Enlarged popliteal fossa

A

Dandy walker

Hypoplastic cerebellum

122
Q

Subfalcine herniation

A

Aka cingulate

ACA compression

123
Q

Kernohan’s notch

A

Transtentorial herniation

Hemiparesis IPSILATERAL to side of herniation

124
Q

Duret hemorrhages

A

Transtentorial herniation

125
Q

Tonsillar herniation

A

Through Foramen magnum

126
Q

MS - autoantibodies against?

A

Myelin basic protein

127
Q

Albers Schonberg disease

A

Osteopetrosis

  • decreased osteoclast function
128
Q

Esophageal web, micro hypo anemia, atrophic glossitis

A

Plummer Vinson syndrome

129
Q

Hemoglobin H

A

Alpha thalassemia - deletion of 3 alpha globins

130
Q

Warm agglutinin - seen in what diseases?

A

CLL, SLE, hemolytic anemia, drugs (methyldopa)

Warm weather is great! = IgG

131
Q

Acute anemia triggered by cold

A

Cold agglutinin

132
Q

Cold agglutinin seen in?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia
Infectious mononucleosis
Renaud’s

IgM
C3b

133
Q

Follicular lymphoma

A

t (14:18)

134
Q

MC form of indolent NHL from germinal center B cells

A

Follicular lymphoma

135
Q

Auto antibody - SLE

A

ANA

Anti-dsDNA

136
Q

Auto antibody - drug induced lupus

A

Anti- histone

137
Q

Auto antibody -mixed connective tissue disease

A

Anti-Ribonuclear protein

138
Q

Auto antibody - crest syndrome

A

Anti-centromere

139
Q

Auto antibody - diffuse scleroderma

A

Anti-scl 70

140
Q

Auto antibody - Sjogren syndrome

A

Anti-SS-A

141
Q

Auto antibody - primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Anti-mitochondrial

142
Q

Proto-oncogene - CML

A

Abl

143
Q

Proto-oncogenes - Burkitt lymphoma

A

c-myc

144
Q

Proto-oncogenes - colon CA

A

ras

145
Q

Proto-oncogenes - follicular lymphoma

A

bcl-2

146
Q

Charcot joint

A

Syphillis
DM

Painful, immobile joint

147
Q

Charcot Bouchard microaneurysm

A

Minute aneurysm secondary to hypertension in basal gangliA

148
Q

Dark red scaly patches over knuckles, elbows and knees seen in dermatomyositis

A

Gottron’s papules

149
Q

PKU dx - levels of phenylalanine

A

Guthrie test

150
Q

Test for PNH

A

Ham test

151
Q

Lisch nodule

A

NF-1 (VR)

152
Q

P-ANCA?

C-ANCA?

A

P-ANCA : MPO

C-ANCA: PR3

153
Q

Corkscrew aorta

A

Takayasu

154
Q

Dark red scaly patches over knuckles, elbows and knees seen in dermatomyositis

A

Gottron’s papules

155
Q

PKU dx - levels of phenylalanine

A

Guthrie test

156
Q

Test for PNH

A

Ham test

157
Q

Lisch nodule

A

NF-1 (VR)

158
Q

P-ANCA?

C-ANCA?

A

P-ANCA : MPO

C-ANCA: PR3

159
Q

Corkscrew aorta

A

Takayasu

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