EXTRA nOTES Flashcards
What is Parfocoal ?
Stay in focus when magnification is changed .
What is unifocol ?
arising from or occurring in a single focus or location unifocal infection.
What is Bifocoal ?
are microscopic lens systems designed to be used in bifocal form, and. they come in powers ranging from 2X (+8.00 diopters) to 10X (+40.00 diopters).
Composed of a. doublet lens system, Type I in design, they are mounted low in the carrier lens and function in.
What are monocytes ?
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that fights off bacteria, viruses and fungi.
Monocytes are the biggest type of white blood cell in the immune system.
Originally formed in the bone marrow, they are released into our blood and tissues. When certain germs enter the body, they quickly rush to the site for attack
What are lymphocytes ?
Lymphocytes are white cells that are crucial to our immune systems.
There are three main types known as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells.
Lymphocytes are part of our immune defence and act to recognize antigens, produce antibodies, and destroy cells that could cause damage.
Eosinophil
One of these types of white blood cells is called an eosinophil.
Eosinophils help protect your body from harmful bacteria, as well as from parasites that can steal important nutrients from your body.
Eosinophils are formed in the bone marrow, then released into the blood.
What does Peripheral Blood Contain?
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Within the Liver , spleen and bone marrow
Contain Specialised blood
Melanocytes
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin’s epidermis,
the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart. Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color.
Mast cells
mast cell releases granules and powerful chemical mediators, such as histamine, cytokines, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),
They come from bone marrow and go into all tissues of the body.
Each mast cell contains secretory granules (storage sacs), each containing powerful biologically active molecules called mediators.
These can be secreted when mast cells are triggered, leading to allergic and inflammatory diseases.
What are the eight steps of Tissue Preservation and how are they used ?
Fixation - Prevent autolysis and pure faction.
Decalcification - Removing minerals from the bone so that good quality of paraffin sections can be prepared.
Dehydration - Increasing the amount of alcohol concentration to get ride of the water .
Embedding :
Embedded with wax blocks replaced with water
Sectioning :
Cut into sections
Embedded in Paraffin
3-10um thick
Staining :
Appropriate histology stain is used .
To remove any paraffin solvent /decorating agent by xyol.
Mounting :
Covered with a clear glass.
To avoid viewing excess dye is removed by washing with water
