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Human Disease And Therapeutics > Extra From Study Guide > Flashcards

Extra From Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is carbachol?

A

Treats closed angle glaucoma by stimulating iris sphincter (chol agonist)

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2
Q

Bethanechol is a cholinergic-muscarinic-agonist that treats ____

A

Urinary retention

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3
Q

What kind of a drug is propantheline (pro-banthene)?

A

Anti-muscarinic like atropine and scopolamine.

Treats parkinsons, motion sickness, urinary urgency.

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4
Q

What is trihexylphenedyl?

A

An anti-muscarinic used to treat parkinsons. Decreases salivary output.

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5
Q

What kind of a drug is labetolol?

A

Mixed a1 and b antagonist

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6
Q

What is edrophonium?

A

Readily reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

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7
Q

What is dobutamine?

A

Adrenergic agonist

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8
Q

Name the classic ASDs and newer ASDs.

A

Classic ASDs: phenytoin, carbamazepine, clonazepam, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, valproic acid

Newer ASDs: gabapentin, lamotrigene, felbamate, topiramate, pregabalin, rufinamide

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9
Q

What ASD causes Hirsuitism? What is hirsuitism?

A

Phenytoin

Hirsuitism is excessive hair in abnormal locations

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10
Q

Which ASDs cause GI upset, sedative effects, ataxia, rare skin eruptions?

A

Most ASDs

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11
Q

Which ASDs cause alopecia? What is alopecia?

A

Valproic acid

Sudden patchy hair loss

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12
Q

Which ASDs cause rare hepatitis?

A

Phenytoin

Valproic acid

Carbamazepine

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13
Q

Which ASDs are the best for partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized)?

A

Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Topiramate
Valproic acid

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14
Q

Which ASDs are best for generalized onset tonic clonic seizures?

A

Valproic acid

Topiramate

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15
Q

What drugs are used for status epilepticus?

A

Diazepam

Phenytoin

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16
Q

What is benztropine?

A

Anticholinergic used for Parkinson’s patients to help dry sialorrhea

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17
Q

What is selegiline?

A

MAO inhibitor. Decreases metabolism of DA which means you wont have to take L-dopa as soon.

Side effects: dysgeusia, bruise, sublingual oral ulcerations, burning in lips.

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18
Q

What is pramipexole?

A

D2 receptor agonist

Used at early onset of parkinsons

Doesn’t metabolize into something that makes ROS

Longer half-life, so more even levels of DA throughout the day

Better absorption and transport

Directly stimulates the striatal neurons (doesn’t have to be metabolized into DA first)

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19
Q

___% of GABA cells are lost in Huntingtons

A

90%

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20
Q

Haldol is a ___ antagonist.

A

Dopamine (D2)

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21
Q

What is olanzepine?

A

Not a D2 selective antipsychotic but rather an atypical antipsychotic, it has a better side effect profile and targets serotonin more

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22
Q

What is reserpine?

A

Used for DA depletion (for huntingtons)

Blocks release of DA by blocking VMAT. Affects other Monoamine as as wells such as serotonin.

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23
Q

What are the types of drugs that are used to treat Alzheimer’s?

A

Drugs that increase cholinergic activity

Dolzepine - AChE inhibitor

24
Q

MS is typically found in individuals in __ years of age

A

<50

25
Q

What are three types of drugs that may be used to manage the relapses associated with MS?

A

Prednisone - lots of side effects (like Cushings disease)

Interferons - expensive

Methyltrexate - also used for cancer suppression (not used often)

26
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junctions. What are two drugs that are used to treat Myasthenia Gravis? Describe these drugs.

A

Prostigmine
Neostigmine

These are AChE inhibitors

27
Q

Name 3 different enkephalins.

A

Methionine

Enkephalin

Levine enkephalin

28
Q

What is piroxicam?

A

Non selective ibuprofen-like NSAID

29
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

Vomiting blood from peptic/duodenal ulcer disease

This is a contradiction for the use of NSAIDs

30
Q

Opioid narcotics, for the most part are schedule ___ controlled substances

A

2

31
Q

Aspirin + oxycodone = ___?

A

OxyContin / percodan

32
Q

Name 2 antidepressants that can be used for managing neuropathic pain.

A

Duloxetin

Nortriptyline

33
Q

Define misuse in regards to prescription medications

A

Either not prescribed or clinically inappropriate (ignorance or being sloppy)

34
Q

Describe the addiction cycle for prescription drugs.

A

1 - relieve medical condition (many patients are at risk before treatment)
2 - DA release
3 - physical dependence develops
4 - tolerance w/ lengthy use
5 - patient uses various strategies to maintain drug supply (often illegal)

35
Q

Where is a person addicted to prescription drugs most likely to get their drugs?

A

Friends and family (66%)

Their prescriptions (19%)
Buy on the street (12%) 
Dealer (8%) 
Internet purchases (minor)
Steal
36
Q

What does SBIRT stand for? (In regards to Rx abuse)

A

Screening, brief interview, intervention and referral to treatment.

This is a way to assess and monitor.

75% wont require anymore screening, 25% will

37
Q

What is DOPL?

A

Division of occupational and professional licensing.

There is a database that you have access to as a clinician to look up the patient and see how many previous prescriptions they have and who prescribed them.

38
Q

Name two phenothiazines (older antipsychotics)

A

Chlorpromazine

Thioridizine

39
Q

Which antipsychotic drug has more extrapyramidal side effects, phenothiazines or butyrophenones?

A

Butyrophenones (haloperidol)

40
Q

True or false.. atypical antipsychotics are better at treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia than positive symptoms

A

True

41
Q

Name two MAOIs

A

Phenelzine

Selegiline

These are anti-depressants. May interact with foods that contain tyramine (cheese and beer) causing strong sympathomimetic effects

42
Q

Name three tricyclic antidepressants

A

Amitriptyline

Desipramine

Doxepine

43
Q

Name two monoamine uptake blockers

A

Fluoxetine (Prozac) (SSRI - its a seratonin selective uptake blocker)

Sertraline (Zoloft)

44
Q

Name two NE or mixed transport blockers (antidepressants)

A

Venlafaxine (Effexor)

Duloxetine (also approved for neuropathic pain)

Note that these cause weight LOSS instead of weight gain like Prozac

45
Q

Do benzodiazepines affect GABA A or GABA B most?

A

GABA A

46
Q

Which barbiturate drug is used for short term anesthesia induction, which is used long term for seizures?

A

Short term anesthesia induction - pentobarbital

Long term seizures - phenobarbital

47
Q

What is atomoxetine (straterra)?

A

NE uptake inhibitor for the treatment of ADHD

48
Q

Down’s syndrome is trisomy ___. They have a shortened life expectancy typically due to abnormalities in the __.

A

21

Heart

49
Q

What id Edward syndrome?

A

Trisomy 18

Causes mental impairment, small head, and micrognathia

50
Q

Stimulation of D1 by DA will cause ___

Stimulation of D2 by DA will cause ___

A

Vasodilation in the kidney and heart

Nausea and decreased sympathetic release

51
Q

True or false… clonidine increases aqueous humor production

A

False.. it decreases it

52
Q

Which of the following receptors regulate renin section?

Alpha 1
Alpha 1
Beta 1
Beta 2

A

Beta 1

53
Q

Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis is regulated by what receptors?

A

Alpha

Beta 2

54
Q

Apocrine and eccrine glands are regulated by what receptors?

A

Alpha and muscarinic respectively

55
Q

Which of the following conditions is sometimes seen in the elderly as a problem of the sympathetic rather than the parasympathetic nervous system?

Constipation
Orthostatic hypotension
Urinary retention
Dry eyes

A

Orthostatic hypotension

Human Disease And Therapeutics (13 decks)

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