Extra AT 2 Flashcards
4 different zones in the world (equator to poles)
- Tropical Zone (Tropics)
- Subtropical Zone (Subtropical belt)
- Temperate Zone
- Polar Zone
What are the 4 main kinds of erosion
- Hydraulic Action
- Abrasion
- Corrosion
- Attrition
5 Types of Mechanical Weathering
- Exfoliation
- Frost Wedging
- Salt Wedging
- Thermal Stress (Temp changes on slides)
- Abrasion
Tropical Zone (Tropics)
Degree:
Characteristics:
Common Environments:
Examples:
Degree: between 0° and 23.5° north and south (23.5° N and S of Equator)
Characteristics: Hot all year (lot of sunlight), High Rainfall,
Common Environments: Rainforests, Monsoon regions
Examples: Congo and SE Asia
Subtropical Zone (Subtropical belt)
Degree:
Characteristics:
Examples:
Degree: Between 23.5° and around 35° N and S
Characteristics: Still warm/hot, drier than tropics, most of the worlds desert
Examples: Sahara Desert, South USA, some parts of Aus
Temperate Zone
Degree:
Characteristics:
Common Environments:
Examples:
Degree: From about 35° to 60° N & S
Characteristics: Experiences the 4 seasons, moderate temp/rainfall,
Common Environments: Forests, Grassland, Farmland
Examples: Most of Europe and USA, China, southern Australia,
Polar Zone
Degree:
Characteristics:
Examples:
Degree: From 60° to 90° north and south
Characteristics: Very cold, long and freezing winters, short and cold summers
Examples: Antarctica, Arctic, northern Canada and Russia
3 Kinds of Fluvial Erosion
- Rain Splash Erosion
- Sheet Erosion
- Rill/Gully Erosion
2 Kinds of Aeolian Erosion
- Deflation
- Abrasion
6 Features of Glacial Erosion
- U or V Shaped Valley
- Hanging Valley
- Truncated Spur
- Corrie or Cirque
- Pyramidal Peak
- Arête
Valley vs River Valley
Valley
- Low area between hills or mountains.
- Formed by rivers, glaciers, maybe tectonic movement.
- General term, not specific
River Valley
- A specific type of valley thats formed by a river cutting through land.
- Has a V-shape in its early stages.
- Created by river erosion over time.
Just a valley carved by a river.
All river valleys are valleys, but not all valleys are river valleys
Glacial vs Periglacial
Glacial Erosion
1. Happens under or by moving glaciers (ice).
2. The glacier carves, scrapes, and plucks rocks as it moves.
3. Creates features like U-shaped valleys, fjords, and striations
Periglacial
1. Happens in cold areas near glaciers, but not covered by ice.
2. Caused by freeze-thaw, frost action, and permafrost processes.
3. Creates features like patterned ground, ice wedges, and blockfields.
Glacial = erosion by moving ice.
Periglacial = erosion + shaping by freezing and thawing near ice zones.
Coherent vs Incoherent w/ Erosion + Mass Wasting
Coherent refers to erosion of
a consolidated mass of materials that erode or move as a single unit
Incoherent refers to the erosion or movement of a mass of unconsolidated individual fragments of materials.
Coherent = Together, Inco. = Apart.
Random Talus stuff to know
Large volumes of talus may form a talus slope, talus apron, or talus cone depending on its shape.
Talus tends to stabilize near an angle of 35° before changes in energy lead to gravitational erosion. Balance is easily disrupted by changes in environmental conditions, addition of weathered materials, or other factors that lead to mass wasting.
Biotic vs Abiotic
Physical vs Chem Linkages
Food chain vs web
Primary vs Secondary vs Teritary consumer
